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‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’ [‎19] (36/578)

The record is made up of 1 volume (289 folios). It was created in 1933. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Persia. 19
r '>5
In 1913 a Protocol (No. XXIII) relating to the Turco-Persian
frontier was signed by the representatives of Great Britain, Russia,
Persia arid Turkey: and in 1914 the frontier was delimited by a com
mission which included representatives of the four countries. The com
mission completed its proceedings shortly before the entry of Tur
key into the Great War. Since the War, however, the Turks have
occupied a strip of territory on the Persian north-west frontier Region of British India bordering Afghanistan. which
the Persians claim under the ruling of the Frontier Commission.
An Agreement providing for the appointment of a mixed Commission
to revise on the spot the frontier at Kotaur and certain other disputed
points; and for the establishment of a Permanent Mixed Frontier Com
mission, and general collaboration between the respective frontier officials
was signed on 9th April 1929; but the actual delimitation of the frontier
at the points in dispute is still unfinished (1930).
The Anglo-Russian Convention had caused great resentment through
out the country: and the outbreak of the Great War found Persia in a
hostile mood towards both Russia and Great Britain. This feeling
was intensified when, in order to forestall a Russian plan to make
Northern Persia a base of operations against Turkey, Turkish forces were
obliged to violate Persian neutrality. By the beginning of 1915 the
Turkish troops had reached Tabriz and devastated the rich districts
around TJrumia. Increasing unrest and anarchy followed throughout the
country, where German and Austrian influences were soon at work. In
July 1915 Herr Wassmuss was able to organise a tribal attack on Bushire,
necessitating its occupation by British troops. The Allied Consuls and
colonies were forced to evacuate Kermanshah in April 1915, and Isfahan
in September 1915 : and the situation in the Capital itself was only re
trieved by the landing of a large Russian force at Enzeli and their
advance to within a few miles of Tehran. The Persian nationalists
thereupon escaped to Rum, and it was with difficulty that the Shah was
prevented from following them. Meanwhile the whole of Southern Per
sia had risen in support of the Central Powers : and by the end of 1915
British Consuls and colonies remained only in Bushire and Southern
Arabistan. In 191G the position was redeemed to some extent by the
advance of Russian troops towards Kermanshah, and by the recruitment
in the South of local levies which eventually became the South Persia
Rifles. By 1917 the Russians had reached Isfahan, and the South
Persia Rifles had occupied Shiraz. In March the fall of Baghdad
caused the Turkish forces to melt away; but the ensuing revolution in
Russia flung the whole responsibility for maintaining order in Persia
upon the British forces. The situation was at the same time compli*
cated by the creation of an organisation in Tehran under the title of
“ The Committee of Punishment ”, and the consequent hesitation of
any Anglophil politician to accept the dangers of office. By the end of

About this item

Content

The volume is the fifth edition of volume 13 of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) relating to India and its neighbouring countries, namely Persia and Afghanistan. This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Delhi, under the authority of the Government of India.

Part 1 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Persia and dating from between 12 April 1763 and 10 May 1929. The treaties refer to: trade agreements; foreign relations; prohibition and suppression of the slave trade; sovereignty and status of Persian regions; frontier negotiations; foreign concessions; telegraph lines. Part 2 of the volume contains treaties and engagements relating to Afghanistan and dating from between 17 June 1809 and 6 May 1930. The treaties relate to: foreign relations; the establishment of boundaries and frontier negotiations; peace treaties; commercial relations; import of arms. A number of appendices follow part 2, which contain the text of treaties relating to both Persia and Afghanistan.

Extent and format
1 volume (289 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into two parts covering Persia and Afghanistan respectively, as are the appendices at the end of the volume. Each part is divided into a number of chapters, identified by Roman numerals, and arranged chronologically, from the earliest treaties to the most recent. At the beginning of each part is a general introduction to the treaties and engagements that follow.

There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff 4-8) which lists the geographical regions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff 277-87) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio (except for the front cover where the folio number is on the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. ).

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’ [‎19] (36/578), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023947390.0x000025> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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