‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’ [‎231] (248/578)

AFGHANISTAN.
231
air to India. British Consular Officers at Jalalabad and Kandahar were
also withdrawn.
On the 22nd May Amanulla Khan, who had advanced with his forces
as far as Kelat-i-Ghilzai, encountered strong opposition and, abandoning
the struggle, crossed the Afghan border at Chaman on the 23rd en route
for Italy.
The departure of Anianulla Khan left Kandahar at the mercy of
Habibulla whose forces entered it a few days later, while one of his
Generals advancing from Mazar-i-Sharif, had in the previous month
captured Herat. During the latter operation, however, Grhulam Nabi
Afghan Ambassador in Moscow, acting in the interests of Amanulla
Khan, recovered Mazar-i-Sharif and advanced towards the Hindu Kush,
while Sirdar Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. Nadir Khan, who had entered Khost in March from India,
menaced the Kabul Government from the South. The summer was spent
by Nadir Khan in attempts to raise the tribes of the Southern Province
against Habibulla and early in October 1929, after eight months of in
decisive struggle, he entered Kabul. His forces which captured the city
under the command of his brother Shah Wali Khan included a contingent
of Wazir Minister. tribesmen. On the 15th October Nadir Khan was accepted as
King by his following and the peple of Kabul and on the 1st November
Habibulla, who had been captured at Jabal-us-Siraj, was executed with
his leading officials.
On the Tth November intimation was received from Kabul that King
Nadir Shah had nominated his bother, His Highness General Shah \\ aJi
Khan, as his representative in London and on the 15th November His
Majesty’s Government formally recognised the new Afghan Government.
On the 20th December a British Minister Mr. K. R. Maconachie was
appointed to Kabul which he reached with his staff on the 11th May
1930.
On the 6th May Notes (No. XXA I) were exchanged between His
Majesty’s Government and the Afghan Minister in London reaffirming
the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1921 (No. XXIV) and the Trade Convention
of 1923 (No. XXV). It is believed that certain of the treaties concluded
with other countries by the Government of e^-King Amanulla have also
been reaffirmed, and in November 1930 a Treaty of 1 riendship between
Afghanistan and Japan was signed in London.
The first tasks confronting King Nadir Shah on his accession were the
consolidating of his position and restoration of order in the country. In
the north the situation was obscure, while the attitude of the Governoi of
Herat, who had been appointed by Habibulla, was uncertain. In the
south Kandahar, which had been captured for the King in October 1929
by a mixed force of Achakzais and other Duranis, acknowledged Jiis
accession, but the Ghilzais and tribes of the Southern Piovince seemed