"دليل بلاد فارس. مجلد II" [و‎‎٢‎٠‎١] (٧٠٦/٤٠٦)

KURDISTAN
389
Kurdistan is divided into 19 administrative divisions, one dependency and 18
buluks as follows :—
'pendency.
Ruvansar and Shaliabad
..
Population.
5,000
links-
1. Isfandabad
2,000
2. Yailaq (Eilak) ..
10,000
3. Husainabad
3,500
4. Hasanabad
7,000
5. Saliseh
6,000
6. Kalafc ..
12,000
7. Kurehvaz
3,000
8. Yavarud
10,000
9. Hubatu, Saran and Qaratureh
15,000
10. Khurkhureh
10,000
11. Tailaku
5,000
12. Karaftu
2,000
13. Saqqiz ..
40,000
14. Baneh ..
30,000
15. Marivan
30,000
16. Avroman Takht
5,000
17. Avroman Lahun
5,000
18. Juvanrud
20,000
Capital, Sinandij
32,000
Total population
270,500
Notwithstanding the protest of the Persian Government, Marivan and
the districts of Khurkhureh, Salar, Hubetu, and Tilehkuh are, during five
or six months of the year, occupied by the Turkish tribe of Jafs. In con
travention of the treaty between the Persian and Turkish Governments
the chiefs of this tribe, after having practically destroyed all the villages of
these districts, purchased them, and have retained possession of them. Dur
ing the time of their sojourn in Persia not only do the Jafs import and ex
port all their goods and produce without paying customs duty, but they
also help Ottoman subjects to import merchandise, specially prohibited
goods, such as arms and ammunition and aniline dyes, without paying
* It is said that a large duty. These goods are then forwarded under
amount is allowed every the escort of Jaf sowars to Mukri, Afshar, Zinjan,
year to the Governor of Garus, Hamadan and vicinity of Sinneh. To
Kurdistan out of the s top the incursions of these Jafs a strong Governor
defray the is required, but this matter has not yet been
of preventing the Tur- brought to the notice of the Central Government.*
kish Jafs from entering
Persian territory.
Resources .—Land is cultivated under one or other of the following ar
rangements :—
(1) Nisf-i-Kdn .—Under this system the cultivator and the proprietor
of the land divide the produce equally. The cultivator sup
plies the seed and necessary labour. The landlord pays the mdlidt
and the expense of reaping.
(2) Dah-u-du .—Under this arrangement, which is most common in
Kurdistan, the produce is divided into twelve parts, of which