مراجعات لـكتاب بعنوان "سرد لرحلة عام عبر وسط وشرق شبه الجزيرة العربية، من ١٨٦٢-١٨٦٣" بقلم ويليام جيفورد بالجريف، نُشر في ١٨٦٥ [ظ‎‎١‎٤] (٤٢/٢٨)

206
Palgrave £ Arabia.
Medina for much less than their value, the c faithful' of that city
were not deterred by any scruples of conscience from becoming
the chief purchasers—not with any view of restoring these
things to the tomb, but as a trading speculation.
The honour of the Sultan and the Turkish Government had
been violated by the capture of the holy places of the Maho-
medans and the interdiction of the Haj. The Pasha of
was therefore required to recover the Hejaz from the pre
sumptuous sect which had seized and desecrated the sacred cities
and territory, and had, in the insolence of their fanaticism, denied
the right of the Sultan to the kalifat of the Mahomedan world.
# Mahomed Alee, lately appointed Pasha of Egypt, having got
rid of the Mamelukes in the manner which history has recorded,
began, with his usual ability and foresight, to prepare for the
execution of the task which had been assigned him; and,
gradually laying in stores, providing transports, and using his
money and his influence to gain adherents in the Hejaz and the
intei mediate countries, resolved to send an expedition, under
command of his son Toussoun or Torsoun Pasha, to recover from
the Wahabees the holy places of Islam, and to open the way for
the pilgrims who had for some years been debarred access by
the ordinary routes to Mekka and Medina.
On the 2nd of April, 1811, Toussoun was invested with the
command, but it was the 6th of October before the cavalry
marched, accompanied by learned theologians of the four recog
nised Soonneh sects, who were to reconvert the deluded Arabs,
misled by the innovating Wahabees. Landing at Yembo, the
infantry, which had been sent by sea, got possession of that town
'after some not very obstinate combats, and was shortly after
wards joined by the Pasha, Toussoun, at the head of the cavalry.
Having secured his communications with Egypt by the posses
sion of Yembo, he resolved to march towards Medina, but sus
tained in the passes of Safra a serious reverse. Having been
leinforced he advanced again the following year, and the Arab
tribes which held the passes, having in the mean time been
gamed over at great cost of treasure, the Egyptians succeeded in
wresting Medina from the Wahabees. For several years the
^P^ 11 arin J prosecuted the war, and recovered not only Mekka
and Jeddah, but also the towns and country towards the borders
ol Yemen and eastward to the confines of Nejd. In 1814
Wahabee chief, died, and was succeeded by his son
T i"qi r» a j W ^ 1() H^her inherited his father's talents nor his energy.
11 lo Ibraheem, the adopted son of Mahomed Alee, took
command of the army and led it to the conquest of Nejd.
a\ing been repulsed in three successive assaults, he raised
the