"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎٥‎٢] (١٧٨٢/١٩٥)

52
imposed an additional duty of 15 per cent, on " -wronght silk, Bengalis,
" and stuffs mixed with silk or herba or the manufacture of Persia, China
" or the East Indies, and all calicoes painted, dyed, printed or stained
" there, that were not made up or used before Michaelmas 1701;" the
effect of this measure was to increase the Company's investments in
raw materials, and to decrease those in finished tissues, from the
East.
Affairs in India, 1653-1722.
Disturbances The Mughal Aurangzib, who ruled from 1658 to 1707, was Emperor
the Mavhatas, India during the greater part of the period with which we have
1664-1706, now to deal ; but his authority was disputed in parts of the country;
and his wars, in particular those with the Marhatas, caused great insecurity
in the neighbourhood of the English settlements upon the western
coast. Thus it happened that in 1664 the Marhatas, led by Sivaji in
person, attacked Surat; but the town was saved from destruction by
the East India Company's servants, who fortified and defended the English
Factory, so earning the gratitude of the Mughals. In 1706 the
Marhatas again invested Surat, and again failed to take it.
Friction Friction from time to time arose, in both local and general matters,
English and between the East India Company's servants and the officials of the
the Mughals, Mughal Empire. Atone time, between 1686 and 1690, a state of
due to inter- „ 1
ference with 0 P en war prevailed ; it may be attributed in ' part to the non-observance
pany'a Trade 0r ^^hdrawal by the Mughals of privileges regularly granted to the
1664-90. ' English, whose claims for compensation on account of injuries now aggre
gated more than 6^ lakhsj and in part to a design on the part of the
Company to place themselves beyond reach of ill-treatment for the future
by establishing fortified stations with dependent districts. In 1687 the
English, to enforce their claims, began to capture the ships of Mughal
subjects at sea; the Mughals replied by seizing the Company's
Factory and employes at Surat; and Sir John Child, the Governor
of Bombay, again retaliated by fresh seizures of vessels under the
Mughal flag. The war continued until early in 1690, when the
Company s servants taken at Surat were at length released, and a
Mughal force sent by sea from Surat, which had occupied a part of
Bombay Island and shut the English up in the town, was withdrawn;
but the Farman of 27th February 1690, by which this adjustment