"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎٢‎٢‎١] (١٧٨٢/٣٦٤)

221
detailed instructions for the visitation of piratical portSj the only map with
' which the Government of Bombay could supply them was a a topographical
^ sketch " by one Saiyid Taqi^ showing roughly the positions of eight or
leK nine piratical places to the south-west of Ras-al-Khaimah. In 1811 a sur-
lk J i ve yi n o officer was placed on board the East India Company's cruiser
Ujjl " Benares " in the Persian Gulf^ but the nature of the duties on which the
vessel was employed made systematic operations by him impossible. To
wards the end of 1815 orders for a regular survey were issued by the Court
of Directors of the East India Company, but danger from pirates made
their execution impracticable. In 1817 a memoir on the ports and pearl
banks of Bahrain, together with surveys, was prepared by Lieutenant
Tanner of the Bombay Marine ; but it was not until 1820, on the conclusion
of the third expedition against the Qawasim, that a proper survey of the
southern and western waters of the Gulf, beginning at Ras Musandam,
was undertaken by Captain P. Maughan in the " Discovery,^ assisted
by Lieutenant J. M. Guy in the "Psyche.^ Lieutenant Guy suc
ceeded to the direction of this survey in November 1821, and he had
iM carried his operations as far as the promontory of Qatar when, in February
jij1823, his place was taken by Lieutenant G. B. Brucks. Lieutenant Brucks
efe completed the survey of the Arabian coast, which occupied him until 1825 ;
; and early in 1826 he began work on the Persian coast and islands, to
which the following two years were devoted. In 1828 operations were
begun in the Gulf of 'Oman under his command, and were continued by
Lieutenant S. B. Haines, who finished the Makran coast to Karachi in
1829 : the -"Oman side had previously been completed down to Masqat.
This first marine survey of the Persian Gulf, partly from the smallness of
the vessels employed, was a most arduous and painful service; and a
lamentably large proportion of the officers employed on it either died or
broke down in health from the effects of climate and hardship.
A survey, for purposes of navigation, of the rivers of Turkish 'Iraq,
made by Colonel Chesney's expedition in 1836, is noticed in another
place.
HISTORY OF THE PERSIAN GULP FROM THE FINAL
ESTABLISHMENT OF MARITIME SECURITY TO THE
INSTITUTION OF REGULAR STEAM COMMUNICATION
AND MAIL SERVICES, 1836-62.
(jitjo Th e period which followed the extirpation of piracy in the Persian Gulf
was one of transition, during which that sea and its shores emerged from
the barbarous obscurity that had enshrouded them since the connection of