"أوراق أخرى تتعلق بتجارة الرقيق على الساحل الشرقي من أفريقيا والنظام المتبع لكبحها" [ظ‎‎٨‎٩] (٥٠/٤٦)

46
Information.
a slave dhow to distinguish her from a legal
trader. The fittings are almost the same.
Matting, large tanks, and large cooking-pots
are no criterions. Nor does slave food differ
from that used by the crew and native pas
sengers. It all consists of cassava-root and
milfet; the only difference is, that a slave
gets barely enough to keep him alive, while
a sailor gets sufficient to grow fat upon.
Since the abolition of slavery in the
United States, few, if any, square-rigged
vessels are engaged in the Slave Trade on
the East Coast of Africa; but owing to the
arbitrary proceedings of our cruizers many
dhows have adopted the French flag, and
this is easily obtained at Mayotte and Nossi
Be ; the formalities required for the purpose
vary very slightly.
2. Our Treaties with the Imam of Muskat
give us the right of arresting dhows engaged
in the Slave Trade between the African pos
sessions of the Imam and the coast of
Arabia. A few years ago, in order to faci
litate the operations of our cruizers, the
carrying of slaves in the dominions of the
Sultan of Zanzibar was prohibited from the
1st January and the 1st May, and the terri
torial rights of the Sultan were tacitly con
ceded to Her Majesty's Government by
Seyed Majid during that period. Our men-
of-war insist upon all dhows having papers
descriptive of their nationality; in the ab
sence of which they assert their right of
seizure. Passes in Arabic are issued at
Zanzibar,* 1 Johanna, Mohilla, and on the
Arabian coast, but as it is only at head
quarters that these passes are issue^, it now
and then occurs that dhows are arrested on
the African coast without papers. There
are, indeed, many small dhows built on the
coast that never go to Zanzibar, but ply
along the coast carrying cowries, carrots,
and cassava-root, and timber; nor is it just
that they should be considered as being
engaged in the Slave Trade, merely because
they have no papers ; and yet the rules and
regulations connected with the Slave Trade
distinctly say that the absence PL papers is
a sufficient reason for detaining a vf^sel.
The Sultan of Zanzibar objects to the
capture of his shipping if it is not patent
that they are engaged in the Slave Trade,
and, unfortunately, it is very difficult for
new hands to make out the difference be
tween a slave and free negro; and when
one slave on board of a vessel is sufficient
to condemn it, papers become of the utmost
importance.
But whatever stress may be laid on the
necessity of having papers, the passes
actually issued by the native authorities can
throw little light on the matter, for being
I have seen as many as 20 per cent, of
dhows under the French flag in the port of
Zanzibar, and it is notorious that they were
the bond fide property of Zanzibar Arabs and
Hindus under British protection.
This is undoubtedly a concession, for it
gives us the faculty of searching his ports,
and arresting slavers in his dominions during
this period of the year; but a more valuable
concession, and one that would be more
effectual, would be to allow Her Majesty's
cruizers the faculty of stoppin^dhows laden
with slaves at all times of th?%ear beyond
certain limits on the coast. Opposite the
islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, between
which limits alone slaves might be carried
freely from the 1st May to the 1st January.
Commanders of Her Majesty's vessels of
war should be instructed not to detain dhows
for want of papers alone.
It would, nevertheless, be conducive to
the interests of the Arab authorities in the,
Indian Ocean, to issue printed passes con
taining, in English as well as in Arabic,
where it is practicable, a full description of
the vessel. They should likewise be urged
to issue articles of agreement similar to
those issued by our shipping -masters, and
the Governors on the Coast of Africa might
receive from the Sultan of Zanzibar permis-