"مجموعة من المعاهدات والالتزامات والسندات المتعلقة بالهند والدول المجاورة" [‎٢‎١‎١] (٥٧٨/٢٢٨)

AFGHANISTAN.
211
In spite of this public affront it was still deemed desirable, before
proceeding to extremities, to give Slier Ali a lomis posnitentioe. An
ultimatum was accordingly addressed to him, threatening him with war
unless, by the 20th November, he signified his willingness to comply
with the demands of the British Government. No answer having been
received by the prescribed date, British troops crossed the frontier on
the 21st November by three main lines of advance, via Kandahar, the
Kurram and the Khyber.
The Afghans were everywhere defeated, the principal action of the
campaign being fought at the Paiwar Kotal on the 2nd December.
Shortly after this engagement Sher Ali, with the remaining members
of the Russian mission, fled from his capital towards Turkistan, leaving
his son Yakub Khan as regent at Kabul.
Communications passed between Yakub and the British officers, but
the British troops continued to advance till, towards the end of January
1879, they were in military occupation of a great part of Afghanistan.
News having been received that Sher Ali had died at Mazar-i-Sharif
in February 1879, negotiations were opened with Yakub Khan, which
ended in the Treaty of Gandamak (No. VI), signed in May. This
provided, amongst other things, that the districts of Kurram, Sibi and
Pishin should be assigned districts, and should remain under British
administration, any surplus of revenue over expenditure being handed
over to the Amir. It was also arranged that the British Government
should retain the control of the Khyber and Michni passes, and of all
relations with the independent tribes inhabiting the territory diiectly
connected with those passes.
Article 4 of the treaty further provided for the residence at Kabul
of a British Agent ; and Sir Louis Cavagnari, accompanied by Biitish
officers and a suitable escort, was appointed to this post. He held it till
the lamentable outbreak of the 3rd September 1879, when he and nearly
all the Residency staff and establishment were massacred by the
mutinous regiments in the Amir’s service.
The British forces were once more put in motion to avenge this
outrage, and before the close of October were again in military occupa
tion of a great part of Afghanistan. Yakub Khan having voluntarily
abdicated after this signal proof of his inability to control his ovn rebel
lious subjects, the British Government undertook the task of establishing
som® stable administration in the country. Yakub Khan asked to be
sent to India: and in December 1879 he left Kabul. He was first sent
to Meerut, and thence to Dehra Dun, where he resided until his. death
in 1923.
After full consideration it was deemed advisable to erect Kandahar
and its dependencies into a separate principality, of which Saidai Shei