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province immediately they themselves would leave Kurdistan. The Vali refused to
listen to their request, whereupon a crowd of roughs and dervishes, acting
independently, crowded into the bazars and began killing and looting.
At this news the Yalihad 2 guns mounted on the citadel facing the bazars
which he had shelled. The mob fled, but 40 of their number were captured
by the governor’s men and had their noses and ears cut off.
Shaikh Abdul Kadar, a leading Mulla of Senna, left the same day for Turkey..
The Vali restored order and having settled matters according to his own
wishes had Aga Mustafa, a notable of Kirmanshah, blown from a gun, and had
the eyes put out of Nassim, known as Shaikh Nassim. From the town he
exacted a fine of 80,000 tumans, and in less than a week the whole place was quiet
again. This disturbance is known as the fight of the Caravanserai A roadside inn providing accommodation for caravans (groups of travellers). .
In 1275 A.H. Nasr-ud-Din Shah came unexpectedly from Hamadan to
Kurdistan, and the Vali and notables of Kurdistan hastened to meet him at
Isfandabad.
The Shah remained three days at Senna, then left for Azarbaijan via Garrusv
As nothing had been prepared for this unexpected visit, the Vali, who was
short of wheat and barley, gave the camp people money instead, which was not
accepted and this was 10 months later made an excuse for deposing the Vali.
Najaf Guli Khan, his nephew, who was then governor of the district of Juvanrud,
cime to Senna as deputy governor. Ghulam Shah Khan left with his family for
Tehran.
Two months later Najaf Guli Khan received the robe of honour and firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’).
Najaf Guli Khm, 1276- o£ Vali of Kurdistan. He was an intelligent man
1277 A.H. (1860-1861 A.D.).
who treated his subjects well and generously. A year
later, 1277 A.H., he§ was deposed and went to Tehran,
whence he started for Azarbaijan having been named Kichikchi, or chief of the
body-guard, of Muzaffar-ud-Din, Mirza Vali’ahd. He died twelve months later.
Ghulam Shah Khan was re-appointed Vali, and for three years governed
Amanuliah Khan II, known in peace. A number of Malias and notables of
as G lulam Shah Khan, 1277— Kurdistan joined together against the Vali, and left
1284 A.H. (1861—1867 A.D.). for Tehran to complain of the oppression of the
people Mirza Zeki Mustaufi, known as Nhib, was sent from Tehran as PishJcar
of the Vali, and by his justice and equity the province once more became flourishing.
In 1281 A.H. the Avroman tribes again rebelled and the\ ah was ordered to punish
the rebels He in a short time gathered an army composed of the Zaffar Kegiment
of Kurdistan, four guns, and 3,000 tufangchis and tribesmen. He sent Ah Akbar
Khan Sharif-ul-Mulk to cross the Shirvan, whereupon Muhammad Sa_ id Sultan
with his followers fled to Turkey, abandoning Noghud which was occupied by the
Persian Army After a delay of three months Muhammad Sa id Sultan sent two
chTefs to intercede for him with the Vali, who on payment of 3,000 tumans re
instated him as governor of Avroman and returned to Senna.
The Shah in recognition of his services sent the Vali of Kurdistan a robe»
of honour and gave him the title of Zia-ul-Mulk.
Towards the end of 1283 the Vali was taken seriously 111 and Dr. Tholozan*
the Shah’s special physician, cured him, but three months later he had a re apse
and died on the 9th Jemadi-us-Sani 1284 A.H.
Amanuliah Khan was born at court of a daughter of Fath ’Ah Shah. Sho ’' tl >’'
after his birth the Shah had his ears pierced and a gold ring put on, and called
him his ghulam or slave, and ever since Amanuliah Khan was known as Ghulam.