'Report on Kurdistan' [‎69v] (143/220)

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GAR-GAR
GARDANEH NESAN— Elev. 6,350'.
Is crossed by the Kenduleh-Senna road, 2 miles north of Kaleh and the Gav-
rud: the approaches from both north and south are very steep, practicable for
laden animals and men in single file. The pass is bare and open, running
almost level, along a ridge to the west; to the east the ground rises to a rocky
knoll, 200 yards and further more steeply to higher peaks. The pass and hills
around are stony, treeless and with some grass; one mile north lies the
village Nesun.— (Burton.)
GARDANEH RAMOL— Elev. 6,920'.
A bare saddle between the valleys of Ramisht and Kezkezareh (Persian
Kurdistan) crossed by the road from Kenduleh to Senna; to the east at
a distance of one mile stands the village of Ramol: 20 houses of Kurds on bare
mountains slope with some trees and some cultivation round.
Below the north side of the pass is a spring of water and some cultivation :
the grazing ground is good: no fuel or supplies near than Ramol village.
The pass itself is bare and open, sloping gently to higher elevations to either
hand. Ascent from south by easy gradients : to the north the approach is steep.
Practicable for laden animals. The pass can be turned by a path diverging
from the main road at Mish-Kaftan and rejoining it on the ridge to the north
of Kezkezareh.— (Burton.)
GARDANEH-KHUSHAMANEH—
A pass in Persian Kurdistan on the Senna-Sulaimanieh road, about 9 miles
beyond Duveisseh. Both ascent and descent are steep, the Sulaimanieh side
being the worst—(T. C. Plowden.)
GARDANEH KHUSRAU KHUSH— Elev. 8,100'.
The point where the road from Kenduleh (Kirmanshah) crosses the mountain
range bounding Senna to the east. The pass is a bare saddle sloping steeply
to the mountain ridge on either hand. The hills are bare of trees, of massive
rounded outlines, and contain herbaceous plants and grass on their northern
aspect. The ascent from the south-east commences from above the village
of Kezkezareh, and the incline is long and gentle with the exception of a short,
steep, and rocky assent above the abovenamed village. The descent to the Senna
side is steeo and zigzagging over shaly slopes to the valley, which lies below
the south-east side of the Bakhan pass (q.v.). There is water below the pass at a
short distance on both sides ; grazing is good , no fuel or supplies ; passable for
laden animals.— (Burton.)
GARDANEH MILEK—
A pass on the Turkish frontier at 2f farsakhs from Merivan and 2f from
Seiranbend, on the road between those two places via Taratuleh.— (Customs.)
GARDANEH-SARDARREH— Elev. 7,050'.
A pass in Persian Kurdistan at the upper end of the Kolaserah valley and
on its northern side. It is traversed by a path from Senna to Juvanrud vid
the Gav-rud and Yamenan. To the south lies the valley of Yamenan, the ascent
from which is by a steep zigzag path; the descent to Kolaserah is more
gentle. The path is bare and open, the ridge running almost east and west,
and sloping gently from the latter to the former direction.
The pass cannot be turned and completely commands the approach from the
north but not from the south, which skirts the mountain side from the north
west. There is no water nearer than | mile below either side. From the saddle,
Asauleh on the Kirmanshah road bears 150° 30' and Kolaserah 252°.— (Burton).