'File 8/60 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSSANNAH AND YAL SA'AD.'

Content

This file relates to the Yal Sa`ad [Yāl Sa‘d], a tribe based on the Batinah coast. The correspondence discusses the reported resistance of Yal Sa`ad tribesmen to the establishment of customs houses in the area. It also discusses reported smuggling and slave trafficking by the tribe, and the grounds for British intervention on behalf of the Muscat Government. Relates matters covered in the correspondence include the following: reported attacks on the coastal town of Masnaah [Mussannah] by Yal Sa`ad tribesmen, in opposition to the construction of customs buildings there; reports of the Yal Sa`ad having engaged in slave trading on the Batinah coast; the issuing of ultimatums by the Muscat Council of Ministers (with British support) to the Yal Sa`ad shaikhs at Wudam and Khadhra; the intensive bombardment of Khadra and other villages by Royal Navy ships, along with the capture and burning of several dhows, during October and November 1922, in an effort to force the submission of the Yal Sa`ad.

Notable correspondents include the following: the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd].

All of the material is dated between 1920 and 1923, with the exception of a letter at the end of the file from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , which is dated 8 September 1925 and reports on recent events at Swaiq [As Suwayq].

The Arabic language material consists of several items of correspondence (English translations are included).

Extent and format

1 file (131 folios)

Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 133; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Written in

English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script

Type

Archival file

Access & Reference

Original held at

British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity.

Access conditions

Unrestricted

Archive reference

IOR/R/15/6/238

Former external reference(s)

Subject files: File 8/60

History of this record

Date(s)

5 Feb 1920-8 Sep 1925 (CE, Gregorian)

Subjects

RebellionsMilitary operationsCustoms duty

Places

Khadra

People & organisations

Political Resident, Persian GulfGovernment of India, Foreign SecretarySenior Naval Officer in the Persian GulfSultan of Muscat and Oman, Āl Bū Sa'īd Dynasty

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'File 8/60 MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: MUSSANNAH AND YAL SA'AD.', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/6/238, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000881.0x00000d> [accessed 24 April 2024]

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