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'Treaties and Undertakings in Force between the British Government and the Sultans of Maskat [Muscat] and Oman, 1845-1914' [‎41r] (93/190)

The record is made up of 2 volumes (91 folios). It was created in c 1914-1932. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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No. 2 (a).
LETTEE TO HIS HIGHNESS THE SAIYID THUWAINI BIN SAID
BIN SULTAN OE MASQAT EKOM HIS EXCELLENCY THE
VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OE INDIA, DATED
2ND APRIL 1861.
Beloved and esteemed Friend !
I address Your Highness on the subject of the unhappy differences which
have arisen between yourself and Your Highness's brother, the ruler of Zanzibar,
and for the settlement of which Your Highness has engaged to accept the arbi
tration of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India.
Having regard to the friendly relations which have always existed between
the Government of Her Majesty the Queen and the Government of Oman and
Zanzibar and desiring to prevent war between kinsmen, I accepted the charge
of arbitration between you and in order to obtain the fullest knowledge of all
the points in dispute 1 directed the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. to send an officer
to Muscat and Zanzibar to make the necessary enquiries. Brigadier Coghlan
was selected for this purpose, an officer in whose judgment, intelligence and
impartiality the Government of India reposes the utmost confidence. Brigadier
Coghlan has submitted a full and clear report of all the questions at issue
between Your Highness and your brother.
I have given my most careful attention to each of these questions.
The terms of my decision are as follows:—
—That His Highness Syud Majid be declared ruler of Zanzibar and
the African dominions of His late Highness Syud Saeed.
2 n( l t —That the ruler of Zanzibar pay annually to the ruler of Muscat a
subsidy of 40,000 crowns.
Srd.—That His Highness Syud Majid pay to His Highness Syud
Thowaynee the arrears of subsidy for two years, or 80,000
crowns.
I am satisfied that these terms are just and honourable to both of you : and
as you have deliberately and solemnly accepted my arbitration, I shall expect
that you will cheerfully and faithfully abide by them and that they will be
carried out without unnecessary delay.
The annual payment of 40,000 crowns is not to be understood as a recog
nition of the dependence of Zanzibar upon Muscat, neither is it to be considered
as merely personal between Your Highness and your brother Syud Majid. It
is to extend to your respective successors and is to be held to be a final and
T)crmanent arrangement, compensating the ruler of Muscat for the abandon
ment of all claims upon Zanzibar, and adjusting the inequality between the two
inheritances derived from your father. His late Highness Syud Saeed, the
venerated friend of the British Government, which two inheritances are to le
henceforward distinct and separate.
I am. Your Highness's
Sincere friend and well-wisher,
(Sd.) CANNING.
Fort William j
The 2nd April 1861.
43 F. and P. D.

About this item

Content

The first volume is Treaties and Undertakings in Force between the British Government and the Sultans of Maskat [Muscat] and Oman, 1845-1914 (Government of India Foreign and Political Department). The treaties recorded cover the slave trade, Zanzibar, telegraphs, commerce, cession of territory, arms traffic, and the Sur coalfields. The texts of the treaties appear in both English and (from the rear of the volume) Arabic. A note below the title on folio 4 [folio 40 of the second volume] states that in the event of doubt arising as to the precise interpretation of any portion of one or other of the Treaty stipulations, the English text was to be considered decisive.

The second volume is a further copy of the same document. This is part of a file that also contains some loose papers. These are: text of agreement dated 28 September 1920 between the Government of Sultan Saiyid Taimur bin Faisal [Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr], Sultan of Muscat and Oman and Sheikh Isa bin Salah bin Ali al-Harthi on behalf certain Omanis, signatories to the agreement; letter from Sayyid-bin-Taimur [Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr] to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. acknowledging receipt of his letter informing him of the abdication of his father and his appointment as successor as Sultan of Muscat and Oman; and transcript of treaty between the United Kingdom and Sultan Saiyid Taimur bin Faisal [Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr], Sultan of Muscat and Oman, dated 5 February 1939, which replaced the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation of 1891.

Extent and format
2 volumes (91 folios)
Arrangement

There is a list of the treaties near the front of the volumes, on pp. 3 and 39. The list refers to the text of each treaty by means of serial and page numbers. The loose papers filed at the end of the second volume are not in chronological order.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence in use runs through both volumes. It commences at 1 on the second folio after the front outer cover of the first volume and terminates at 89 on the inside back cover of the second volume. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. page of each folio. A second foliation sequence is also present between ff. 37-88. These numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but have been crossed out.

Both volumes have a printed pagination sequence numbered 2-30, which is mirrored in the Arabic portion of both.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'Treaties and Undertakings in Force between the British Government and the Sultans of Maskat [Muscat] and Oman, 1845-1914' [‎41r] (93/190), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/737, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100022770480.0x00005e> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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