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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [5v] (27/224)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
10
11 Shaik Abdulla's servants abducted a girl, a native of Ears. Her parents
after searching for her for some time returned home and left behind one Muhammad
Abdulla to continue the search. He discovered that she was being kept by Shaik
Abdulla The latter then passed her on to an Arab of Zallaq, receiving Rs. 400.
Muhammad Abdulla on behalf of the parents made efforts to recover the girl
He did so on payment of Rs. 500 and on condition that he himself married her.
She was pregnant and subsequently died in child-birth.
12. The daughter of Bin Suweileh of Houreh was abducted by Shaik Abdulla
and subsequently turned adrift as a prostitute.
13. The daughter of one Khalid bin Qusim was similarly abducted.
14. Bin Kadhim brought a wife from Kowait. He went on business to Qatif
and on his return found his house looted and his wife gone. Some time later he saw
his wife with two well known pimps. He demanded her return and was told that
she had been handed over to them to keep by Shaik Abdulla. He went to Shaik
Abdulla who then said he could take her; recently he complained in the
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
about the loss of his goods. Shaik Abdulla is said to have bribed him to leave his
name out of the case.
15. Mohammad, son of Shaikh Abdulla, endeavoured to seduce the daughter
of Ali Doi, a well known merchant of Muharraq. He failed, but one evening
caught the girl in a side street with some of his servants, and posted sentries at
each end of the street. The girl was then raped. The father, knowing he could
hope for no redress, and fearing above all, loss of honour for his family, endeavoured
to keep the matter quiet, but it is well known now.
16. About six months ago atTubli, Hamudbin Subah, one of the ruling family
murdered Haji Hassain Araibi, and attempted to murder his wife, son, and
daughter. The latter were severely wounded. The son, though seriously ill, was
sent for by the ruler ostensibly to interrogate him, and was flung into prison.
After being threatened he was released and went to hospital till he recovered.
Recently he was threatened with further imprisonment if he refused to write
a document to the effect that Hamud bin Subah did not murder his father and
wound the remainder of the family. On the occasion of the Resident's recent
visit to Bahrain he sought redress in the
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
and was given temporary protec
tion till the matter could be further enquired into. In all such cases witnesses
are far too cowed to come forward. He affirms on oath that he saw Hamud bin
Subah kill his father before his eyes, and attempt to shoot the complainant. He
was wounded by another man with a dagger.
17. The son of Haji Mehdi bin Zainel of Jidhafs was murdered in daylight
in a public thoroughfare by a servant of Shaik Muhammad, second son of the Ruler.
The murderer was arrested but released, and the father was threatened that he would
also be killed if he made further complaint. The father stated his case before
the Hon'ble the Resident recently.
18. A Political murder recently took place at Sitrah, and another near Naim.
No arrests were made except the relatives of the murdered persons, who were
threatened to make them refrain from complaining.
A further Political murder instigated by Shaik Khalid, brother of the Ruler,
took place three weeks ago. No arrest has been made.
19. Shaik Khalid, brother of the Ruler, who has absolute rights in Sitrah,
takes one Rubah of fish daily, or cash in lieu, from each inhabitant. This
is resold to a person who had been sold the monopoly. A capital tax of Rs. 2 per
mensem is also levied by him. A levy of Rs. 25 per head was recently, for no
particular reason, made by the same person.
Another source of revenue of this member of the ruling family is to demand
labour from the Shiah subjects during the period 7th—10th of Muharram, during
which time it is forbidden by their religion to work. If they decline, as they
must do, a cash fine in lieu is realised.
About this item
- Content
The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).
The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:
- Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
- The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
- Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.
Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:
- Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
- Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
- Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [5v] (27/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x00001c> [accessed 23 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/131
- Title
- 'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1fv, 2r:15r, 17v:18v, 21r:42v, 44v:46v, 47v:71v, 73r:74v, 75v:79r, 80v:83r, 84v:91r, 92v:93r, 94v:103v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence