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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎19r] (54/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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9
Enclosure of Serial No. (12).
No. 83, dated 20tli November 1922.
From—H. G. Chick , Esq.,
To-S ir P. L. L oraine , BiET.. C.M.G.. His Majesty's Minister, etc., etc. etc
Texiran. ' ' '
With reference to my despatch* No. 71 of September 30th I have the
honour to forward for your information translations of further articles and
tetters in recent issues of the newspaper ' Asr-i-Azadi' advocating official
reismn protection of the Persian population and Persian interests in Bahrein
dkection UPOnth0 PerSiai1 GoTemment and to take steps in that
p rJ a ' n i ' :ra ! 1 smitting copies of these translations and this despatch to the
Political Kesident in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ,
™, + H0 T eVer offect they may have in political circles in Tehran, I would
ture to express the opinion that no good is being done in Shiraz bv the
appearance week after week, of these appeals ' ad misericordiam' against
British protection of Persian mterests in the Islands, particularly when their
^1,'lu a I'l ,arentl y a single individual—goes to the length of signing them
All the Persians resident in Bahrein o S mem
His personal animus against Khan Bahadur Muhammad Sharif the
language used, and local information given should afford some clue to' the
authorship 0 ,1 the one hand find on the other a watch set in the Post-office
for further letters addressed to the paper ' Asr-i-Azadi or to its
thtZf wad ; l kno ™ a !" Mudirzadeh might possibly make the author!
ship a certainty, and enable the Authorities to deal with the individual in
such a way as to put a stop to the nuisance. m
hi*Jirt.» h f kh Farai ? iarzi mentioned in these letters arrived with
is b other fiom Bushire, and stayed for several weeks during the spring
plf r ? avm S f ? r Tehran ' He was much in touch with the extreme demo
crats "and speaking against the British in the Gulf region; but I was unable to
ascertain his origin or previous history.
Translation.
Newspaper ff Asr-i-Azadi " of Shiraz, No. 120 of October 17, 1922.
Prom letters received.
C, WE and BAHREIN
[Oh fortunate King ; for God's sake try your utmost (Eafiz)],
Apparently the Shah of Persia, and the Cabinet, and Deputies of the
Nation do not consider us Persians, or Bahrein as part of Persia. Ay • that
Bahrein 0 " Whv 11 ? ^ eXist i th \ brains of inhabitants of
isanrem Why ? Because if they were taking thought for Bahrein the statfl
of this rotten place would be better than what we see, and they would not have
become pawns for the political manoeuvres of the British Government and its
friends. Por this reason we turn our faces from the South to the North i e to
fi nnff u ^, at ° a P ltal 1 of the Kingdom of Darius: and we say to thee O '
6,000 year old State : to thee O ! memorialof Cyrus and Darius : to the O I
and Ja mshid: in short, to thee, 01 independent Govern.
Bah Lin 1 r p U - 00nsider us Persians, if thou dost not consider
Persians tW R f ^ ■ 6 'J ,, k ? 0Wn and P ub]ish 14 ^at we are not
Persians, and that Bahrein is separated from Persia and is a foreign state so that
we may no longer be kept waiting and calling, and may be thin k ourselves of
♦Enclosure to Serial No. (8). " ~ ' ——

About this item

Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎19r] (54/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x000037> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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