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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [27r] (70/224)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
25
Telegram P., No. 421, dated 9tli (received) lOtt) May 19:2,1 Serial No
From The Hon'ble the
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, Eushire.
(Repeated to Colonial Office.)
. All facts are not, in my opinion, before His Majesty's Government Sunni
^ ^f^^ived sufficient consideratioi and case of Shaikh of
Bahrein has not been fully presented. Further Persian challenge was not
before permanent incumbent when he wrote. Challenge is now directed at
our mam position and not at our conduct of affairs. Bahrain case will pro^
bably be taken before international Tribunal by Persian Government and infer
ference w th independence of Shaikh Isa will b-ar inSs7^1^ mln-
we , h " e f aside man, who must die soon, things will look even
worse and all odium which will be excited by our action will be shared W
Shaikh Hamad whose usefulness will be destroyed thereby. Reforms will rro-
liostmtT Ser FurtLT therwv,™ ansiou . s ) to T avoili ra ther than placate Persian
.. * -t ^ J proposed by India will certainly result in deposi-
ion of Shaikh and deportation of Abdulla and worse still, his mother as Shaikh
Isa is quite incapable of organisicg reforms. Ibn Sand and Sunni Shaikhs
must be set against us by these measures at time when subsidy of former is
being stopped. Incidentally considerable expense will be involved by these
measures. Immediate risks are, therefore, enormous. But in anv case I do not
S 6 ; pitcT» te ^^r ip,e apart fr T eX,1Pdieiie ^ th3t ''SZ reached
pitch. Matters are no worse than state of affairs tolerated by us for 20
{Zl/r S1Ve Pr ? tha . t Vositionof foreigners is better, not worse, is
afforded by mere existence of clamour for reforms. We have no real case
^ ^ — aS ^ regards
^^tr TJn]e ".r U . a ' l0W for f ,rivi,e! ? e ' 1 position of Sunnis von will not
eeei nfTJnlTc Unm 0I)mi0n and this is regarded by me as essential
carry
to success of reforms.
Pearl Trade. To hold A1 Khalifa family responsible for nearlinc trnde
liru r if unjust. Pearling reforms can only be effected by European
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
and is Gulf and not Bahrein question. Only certainties are bitter hovtilitv
which your attempts will rouse and expense of reforms. Success is doubtful
t follows that our strength should be concentrated on upholdinc
and not emphasising weaker aspects of onr case before internatiSnal opinion
by further intervention in Bahrein. Judgment of international opinion would
either insist on our withdrawal or would consolidate our position, or more
probably still mark some indefinite middle course. If our position s eonsX
dated and we so desire we can reform to our heart's co.vent. In other two
Sbfs and^tr^ 1 ^ better « race ' and it will
vvanabis and not r^ians who would succeed us. We can intrnrWp
reforms in natural course of events if we can hang on until either Shaikli
<.r Persian agitation dies by insisting on sui. a ble conditions before we a-rec to
the installation of Shaikh Hamad. Despatch follows. uelo re^e agiee to
Foregoing refers to your telegram No. 592-S.*
Telegram R, No. 424, dated the 10t ]i (received 11th) May 1923,
Prom The
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, BusLire. Serial No. 45.
. . (Repeated Colonial Office.)
Priority.
^ng from Political Bahrein. £coins A7^D■^l^clT• co-riz-wnn A' i. i
between Persians and Kajdis to-day casualti es sevep 1 or eight did and'lar'e
' —————
•Serial No. 40,
fSerial Ko. 41,
About this item
- Content
The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).
The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:
- Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
- The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
- Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.
Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:
- Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
- Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
- Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [27r] (70/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x000047> [accessed 25 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/131
- Title
- 'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1fv, 2r:15r, 17v:18v, 21r:42v, 44v:46v, 47v:71v, 73r:74v, 75v:79r, 80v:83r, 84v:91r, 92v:93r, 94v:103v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence