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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎28r] (72/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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22,
"
latter
oulitii
Telegram P., No. 429, dated lltk (received 12th) May 1923. Serial No.
From—The Hon'ble the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bushire,
To—The Foreign Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political
Uepartment, Simla..
(Repeated to Colonial Office.)
Trior Uy.
With view of pacification of Island I propose to take following action..
Arrest of Qasaibi and his transfer to Kuweit where he can be deliyered over to
Ibn Sand's ngent for customs negotiations and return to Nejd in order that he
may be dealt with by his master. I would send to Ibn Sand letter informing
him that standing menace had been caused in Bahrein by his agent, and that
as it is unthinkable that Persians are aggressors I hold that agent responsible
for bloodshed which has been caused. With regard to return to Bahrein of
any agent of Ibn Sand I would point out to him that he must consult us about
new agent who must have definite instructions to hold strictly aloof from
internal administration of Bahrein and from Consular functions and to confine
himself to purely commercial ends, and also that, having warned off Germans,.
French and others, we do not propose to allow him to upset status quo, This>
would be best done from Kuweit wdiere I propose to go as soon as I can safely
leave Bahrein. I see possibility of putting in way of settlement customs
question at Kuweit. After appreciation of causes that brought on present
trouble I may have to get rid of Persian or two as well as Ibn Saud's agent.
At same time I would warn Dowasir Headmen in Bahrein that I will 1iave
their boats kept out this pearling season if there is any recrudescence of trouble,
and would express readiness to deport any turbulent ringleaders whom they
choose to point out at once to A1 Hasa, in order to help them to be responsible
for their co-religionists. I am encouraged to hope by daily recent letters from
Bahrein that we can get out of Sheikh either the proclamation, or permission
to deport foreigners and would request to be allowed free hand, to settle
Bahrein difficulty in w hichever of these ways appears most feasible. I do not
*Senal No. 49;
fSerial No. 45..
^Serial No. 46^,

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Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎28r] (72/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x000049> [accessed 18 April 2024]

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