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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎49r] (114/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Telegram R., No, 651 -S., dated (and received) the 23rd June 1923, Serial No.
From—The Hoa-'ble the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , Bushire.
(Repeated Secretary of State for Colonies and Bahrein.)
Political, Bahrein reports urgently, June 19th, attempt by Dowasir to seek
trouble with Baharinah, Sheikh Hamad has arrested Sheikh Ahmed-al-Dosairi
and will announce terms of fine imposed on village to-day and time limit of payment.
All quiet and tribesmen appear cowed by Sheikh's strong action.
Trouble not anticipated but it might be necessary after due warning to under
take light bombardment of Budaiyeh. Matter appears supreme test of Hamad's
authority and I support action proposed by Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. should it become
necessary : we hope it will not. His Majesty's Ship Cyclamen is at Bahrein.
Fear cannot but prejudice our relations with Sultan of Nejd to whom Dosairi
will certainly appeal but he cannot stop Hamad if Bahrein reforms are to succeed.
No. 283-S., dated Bushire, the 15th (received the 25th) June 1923. ^
from— The Hon'blb Lieutenant-Colonel S. G. Knox, C.S.I., C.I.E., Political Resi
dent in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
Bahrein Reforms.
I have the honour to forward herewith an interesting despatch from the Poli- .
tical Agent, Bahrein, showing that the reforms have already begun and, in my
opinion, on the right lines.
1 reserve my detaled comment for a subsequent despatch and would only
ask now to lay stress once again on the extreme importance of giving to the Politic
cal Agent, Bahrein, without delay a European assistant, a gazetted officer, to take
the routine work of the office off his hands.
Copy, with copy of the accompaniment, forwarded to :—•
The Secretary of State for the Colonies,
His Majesty's Minister, Tehran.
* Serial No. (86). ^

About this item

Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎49r] (114/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x000073> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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