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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [53v] (123/224)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
2
the case. He intends to remove him from the recognized leadership of tha tribe
and to instal Easa A1 Dosari who is a far more suitable person. He also proposes to
deal with the 'Ali case summarily. It would take an indefinite time to examine
the hundreds of witnesses who would be produced on either side and would still
further unsettle the tribes and Baharinah. The Shara court would drag the case
on for months, equally without result, and the Baharinah would not accept a deci
sion of the Su'nm Qadhi and vice versa. It is the Shaikh 's intention in addition to
the removal of Ahmad A\ Dosari from the leadership, to recover from the Budaiyah
the cash equivalent of all the property looted from 'Ali, and payment, in accordance
with custom, of blood money for the killed and wounded, together with a sufficient
fine from the Government of Bahrain for the disorder caused. He will hold the
elders of the Dowasir responsible for payment in a given time. They are well
capable of dividing it among themselves according to the share they took in the fray
and doubtless Ahmad Al Dosari and Khamis and their followers, who instigated the
whole affair, will have to pay the biggest-share.
I do not anticipate that there will be trouble, neither does Shaikh Hamad, as
the Dowasir appear to be fairly cowed, but the case is the supreme test of Shaikh
Hamad's new regime and any hesitation on his part, should there be delay in pay
ment, etc., would be fatal, and cause opposition among all other Sunni tribes, un
important though they are, compared to the Dowasir. It seems absolutely essen
tial, therefore, that should necessity arise, we should support Shaikh Hamad. A
gunboat is now here and likely to remain for some time. 1 would suggest that if
there is any show of defiance at the meeting to-day, 1 be authorized to ask the
Commander to move up and take up a position off Budaiyah. This would have
& gieat moral effect. Should theie be still further trouble, it might be necessary after
due warning, to undertake a light bombardment of Budaiyah or at any rate fire
a few rounds over the town. 1 should be glad, if on receipt of this report, you
Would kindly instruct me telegraphically, as to whether, in the event of necessity
aiising, I may call on H. M. S, " Cyclamen " for the assistance necessary. It
would be given at Shaikh Hamad's request, which if necessary, 1 could obtain
from him in writing. In any case, befo v e taking any definite action, 1 will refei for
final instructions by cleaj line message, should necessity arise.
Neithei the Shaikh nor I contemplate serious delay or opposition, particularly
if we can move the gunboat near Budaiyah at the slightest sign of trouble, but it
would be well to be prepared for any eventuality. Knowing all the circumstances
I concur with the action taken and proposed to be taken by Shaikh Hamad. With
out taking a strong line now, he will be quite unable to maintain order in the future
or to introduce the taxation or other leforms contemplated.
1 should like to add that Shaikhs Hamad and Abdulla are co-operating to the
best of theii ability and appear genuinely desirous of putting their house in order.
They constantly ask my advice on all sorts of matters and accept it as a rule with
pleasure. On the other hand they are not devoid of ideas of running their own
affairs and 1 think, with a few yeais' support and advice from a
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
,
should make a strong combination, capable of ruling and of effecting much improve
ment in Bahrain.
This report has been prepared in extreme haste to catch the mail which is now
closing* 1 beg therefore that its deficiencies may be excused.
Telegram P., No. 649, dated the 23rd June 1923.
From—Uesident, Bushire,
To—Political, Bahrain.
Your letter No. 80-C. of 19th June.
There must be no light bombardment of Budiyah nor rounds fired over villags
without express permission from His Majesty's Government which I cannot obtain
at short notice.
Such action might turn Sultan of Nejd into open enemy while negotiations ,are
proceeding and seriously prejudice course of reforms to which His Majesty's Gov
ernment are pledged.
About this item
- Content
The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).
The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:
- Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
- The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
- Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.
Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:
- Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
- Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
- Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/131
- Title
- 'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1fv, 2r:15r, 17v:18v, 21r:42v, 44v:46v, 47v:71v, 73r:74v, 75v:79r, 80v:83r, 84v:91r, 92v:93r, 94v:103v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence