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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎87v] (191/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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2
beings and the genii (jins) and He it is who has bestowed upon thern His
boons after their creation. He has made His prophets, His messengers and
His angels superior to all the rest of His creatures, whatever they may be,
except to His own self and His attributes. And He has sent down His
Books and His words to all His angels. His prophets and messengers. He is
worthy of praise and He is holy in His Kingdom in the highest heaven All
are powerless to gain knowledge of Him. God is the Almighty, there is
no God but Him alone. No one knows what He is but He himself The
reins of affairs are all in His hand; they are pre-ordained and they ultimate!}
return to Him. He wore the throne without really sitting thereupon or
having a seat there. There was God and no space existed then. And He
is now as He was before. Nothing was hidden from Him whether far or
near. He knows all that revolves in the consciences of His slaves. He is
aware of their secret intentions. He is unique in the administration of His
kingdom. He hears and He can see. He gives and takes away He rewards
and punishes. He honours and He despises. He creates aod
grants livelihood. He grants life and He destroys. He pre
destines and He ordains affairs. He controls all things created by him whe
ther minute or very great, and they all ascend to Him. Not an atom moves
but with His permission, and not a leaf falls down but with His knowledge.
He is self-sufficient and can dispense with all things. All others are in need
of Him. None can achieve a jot of good nor aught else but by His generosity
and His mercy, and likewise none will meet with the slightest hurt or other
evil but by His justice and His wisdom. He is omnipresent and all-seeing.
He is present in all things created for a purpose through the medium of His
power and His knowledge. He is not from a thing, nor He is in a thing and
neither He is on a thing. If He was from a thing He would be a creature and
if He were in a thing He would be encompassed, and if He were upon a
thing He would have been felt as a burden. And all He has created are made
out of a thing, and are in things and are upon things. He is far from being
capable of being described by a thing, or of being made to change into a thing,
Qr .pf becoming the likeness of anything, or of becoming the partner of any
thing^ or of being in need of anything, or of entering into a dispute with
anything. There is nothing resembling Him, and He is all-hearing and he
is omniscient. And whatever strikes the minds of his creatures God is iust
the contrary of the same.
This is a letter from Imam Abdul Aziz bin Abdur Rahman bin Saood,
^ ^ gW an( ^ those of the Ikhwans who are encompassed
by (jrori the Compassxonate's mercy, whose darkness is being lightened bv the
ignt of true guidance, and whose exaltation illuminates space, whose lieht
shmes forth on the darkness of the age, and whose existence brings joy to
those that wept Since they equal in goodness all that is now and that ever
has been, may God s peace, happiness and bounties be upon them and His
beneticence and His satisfaction. Amen.
tho * King ^ , En g land and Emperor of India, Kin? George
r,wn! v I of t safet y w wildernesses and nplifter of ruined countries, who
P u uT and lnflue ° < ' e than other great Kings, who in eminence
whn^ firm hl S h firmament, whose orders bring about wonderful things and
we reeefvfhlifi? Cjinstmn religion; may God Almighty keep him safe may
for him that tianni uriri S fij 3 f Ina y G od lengthen his life and make
sion 5 5 j t ? S S ranted him for ever during the succes-
< Z of PW ft yS ' f'i' may H ? S ra "t him victory and glory in the reli-
Cood and * a / y ' ^ He sh o w a °d guidl hiin to all that
is good and may He ward off from him all that is evil. Amen.
whomweL™Tent n ™Mnnl y0 K ifir ^ ne T' yOU wil1 hear " froffl those '
belongs to God alone and t fi TM We m form you that authority
We herebv p-ivp vnn the t vr ?i, Ikhwans—may God grant them victory,
enmitv now exi'ts betwppri '^ they are victorious over other rulers, and
" ami Z S bah 7 ^ K " 1 " Hussein ' ruIer of Mecca, and between
Wof ^na Tnd^H 5/™' ^ between us and ^am Az-Zaidi.
and God w,llln g we shall be victorious over them all. And

About this item

Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎87v] (191/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x0000c0> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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