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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎96r] (208/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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[L] Customs —
Establishment
[M) Civil List —
Allowances to me nbers of Haling' Family
(A T ) Revenue —
Establishmeiifc . , ,
(Oj Quarantine Service—•
i^.stublishmerit
(F) Co n tinge ncies —
M irine Stores, Upkeep s iluting bat(:ery—Upkeep office
f irniture-—Livcrie-s — Priutin^ —Tclegf.ims —Hired Trans
port Prisoners clot'iing' and diet—-Jail contingencies.
(Other office contingencies included under expenditure of
Depart.nenc concerned) • . » . .
(Q) Provision for cost of Survey and Land settlement
[R) Provision for compensation in certain land disputes due to
plots of building Imd having been sold twice over by Shaik
Esa in recent years .......
(<Sj Estimated surplus to be devote 1 firstlv to completion of Water
Supply Scheme and secondly to Manimeh Electiic Power
Scheme .........
G rand T otal , 15,2^,000
Sub, Enclo. Til of Serial No. (37).
Notes on Bahroin State Budget for 1143.
1. The Budget is a very conservative one, because with only one year's
reliable figures to work on, it seemed desirable that no risks of an adverse
balance arising, should be taken.
2. Receipts are accordingly throughout, estimated at from 10 per cent,
to 15 per cent, below the actuals for last year and below 7 the average (where
known) for the last three years.
3. Under expenditure ample allowance has been made in every Depart
ment both for actual present expenditure and for certain slight expansion
which will be necessary in certain Departments.
4. Item Feceipts " Contributions by Municipalities towards cost of
Police" and Expenditure "Upkeep of State police.' , At present a police
force exists in Manameh paid by the Municipality and costing Rs. 2,000 per
mensem. The Ruler proposes to start a State police force properly clothed
and rationed and enrolled for a term of years to enable the men to be better
trained—the difficulty at present is that the terms are not good enough to
attract men of good character to enrol for a long period and men are constant-
Iv enrolled and resign after a month or so before they can learn to be efficient.
Under the proposed 0 sys tem the Officev Commanding Levies will he in adminis-
trative charge of the police as regards clothing, rations and pay, but will not
be responsible for the actual police work, for which two Superintendents ot
police (one for Manameh and one for Muharraq) will be in charge, under the
orders of the local Government who issue executive orders after consultation
with Municipal councils concerned. The po'ice will be added to the Levy
strength, but will be slightly better paid, the duties being more arduous.
Picked men from the Levies will be appointed as pol ce. 01 pine y po ice
offences, such as slackness on duty and lack of discipline they will be under
the orders ot the Officer Commanding Levies, who besides usual pumshmen .
can revert police to Levy duty if found unsuitable. The Officer Co— dmg
Levies will not however have anything to do with the police su _ ;'
detection and prevention of crime, it being undesirable that he should oe in
any way brought into conflict w r ith the inhabitants.
A Municipality will be formed in Muharraq during the year and will
contribute Rs. 1,000 per mensem towards the police.
Rs.
5 l< ; 15 0
3,73,800
6,000
5,7 60
10,500
20,000
25,000
2,46,310

About this item

Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎96r] (208/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403813.0x000009> [accessed 23 April 2024]

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