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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎96v] (209/224)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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5. Item .Z?., Expenditure. —The State at present contributes Es. 4,000
monthly towards Manameh Municipality—against this certain extra landing
taxes on goods are credited to the State. The State also contributes Es. 450
per mensem at present towards sanitation in Muharraq—the Ruler proposes to
si art a properly organised Municipality in Muharraq, towards which, the State
will contribute* Es. 1,000 monthly instead of the sum hitherto paid. Eeceipts
from Municipal taxes will be on the same lines as already collected in
Manameh.
6 Item K., Expenditure. —The State at present contributes Es. 1,000
monthly to a school, which is very badly managed and has few pupils. The
Euler proposes to take over the management of this school (it is normally a
State school but has been entirely managed hitherto by a small party without
State supervision), and to form two other schools. There will be one elementary
school in Manameh and one in Muharraq and a more advanced school in
Manameh. Contribution to each elementary school Es. 1,000 and to the
higher school Es. 2,000 per mensem. Pending the formation of the schools
the balance of Es. 8,000 per mensem will accumulate towards initial expenses
of equipment. The Euler requests, in this connection, the assistance of His
Majesty's Govt, and would be glad, if Government of proves, if an educational
officer, with experience of an Arab country could be lent, on deputation, to
advise and start the schools, and thereafter to pay, say, two short annual visits
to conduct examinations and report on the schools. A separate letter on the
subject will be* submitted.
Item E., Expenditure. — Since the introduction of reforms and the forma
tion of the Bahrain Court a number of cases has arisen in which it was found
that Shaik Esa had, in late years, sold plots of land twice over, or sold land
belonging to others without their knowledge. The only fair settlement in a
number of cases has been for the State to compensate one of the parties. The
Deputy Euler has settled a number of such cases during the last year. It is
considered probable thnt in connection with the land settlemeit and record of
rights a number of fresh cases may come to light and it has been thougLt
prudent to allow a sum for such purposes. The property involved in generally
not of great value.
Item P., Expenditure. —A system has been envoived whereby the Euler
can accurately control expenditure under certain miscellaBeous heads and keep
within budget limits. This was not possible during the past year as expenditure
could not be accurately gauged, but experience has now made it possible to
allocate a sufficient sum under each beading
O -
X1-408

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Content

The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).

The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:

  • Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
  • The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
  • Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.

Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:

  • Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
  • Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
  • Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
Extent and format
1 volume (98 folios)
Arrangement

The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.

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English in Latin script
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [‎96v] (209/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403813.0x00000a> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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