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‘Memorandum by the Political Department, India Office, on treaties and agreements between the British Government and the various rulers and chiefs in Arabia and on the Persian Gulf.’ [‎2r] (3/6)

The record is made up of 1 file (3 folios). It was created in 9 Aug 1926-21 Jul 1927. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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to any foreign Government or foreign subject without llis Majesty's
Government's permission.
In the ninth, the British Government promised that " the town of
Koweit and its boundaries belong to . . . the Sheikh of Koweit and to his
heirs after him, and that all Sheikh Mubarak's arrangements in the matter
of customs, &c., and all his arrangements at the present day shall remain in
the hands of Sheikh Mubarak-as-Subah, ruler of Koweit, and his heirs after
him . . .
Note .—The lease, or rather the payment of rent for the Bunder
Shweikh site, was terminated in 1922. It does not appear, however, that
the Agreement was abrogated, and the reciprocal pledges, so far as they
are not all'ected by other subsequent; instruments, presumably remain binding.
(/) Letter dated 3rd November 1914: from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. to the
Sheikh, in which the Sheikh was given, in return for his co-operation
against the Turks, certain assurances, of which the third was that " Koweit
shall be recognised as an independent principality under British protection."'
(rj) The undertakings given to Sheikh Mubarak were renewed in 1917 to
his son Jabir, and again, on his accession, to the latter's successor, his
brother Salim. To Salim, who proved troublesome, Government in 1918
offered to renew the assurances given to his predecessors, particularly that
given in Article 9 of the Agreement of 1907, on condition of his good
behaviour: (i.e. implied the threat to cancel on failure of good behaviour:
the Sheikh took the hint).
(/i) In a Kharita An important letter usually sent in an elaborate textile pouch, dispatched as part of the royal or diplomatic correspondence of rulers and elites. delivered on Idth July 1921 the Viceroy renewed to the
present Sheikh, Ahmad al Jabir, nephew of Salim, the assurances given to
the latter.
BAHREIN.
(a) In 1820 the Ruler of Bahrein subscribed to the general treaty with Aitchison, Vol.
the Arab Chiefs of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , which prescribed abstention from XI1 ' P*
plunder and piracy by land and sea, from slave traffic, and from inter-tribal
war, and peace with the British Government. (The adherence of Bahrein
to this treaty gave the British Government a formal right to intervene, as it
did in 1863, between Bahrein, Abu Dhabi and Katar, and again in 1867-9.)
(h) In 1847 the Sheikh of Bahrein subscribed to an engagement for the
abolition of slave trade in his ports and for the submission of Bahreini Do ^
vessels to search by British cruisers for slaves, and to seizure if guilty, and ^
in 1850 signed a further engagement for the better suppression of the slave ^ p '
trade.
(c) On the 31st May 1SC1 Sheikh Mahomed bin Khalifa signed on behalf Do., p. 159.
of himself and his heirs and successors a "perpetual treaty of peace and
friendship with the British Government."
In Article 2 he agreed to abstain from maritime aggression, war, piracy
and slavery by sea " so long as 1 receive the support of the British Govern
ment in the maintenance of the security of my own possessions against
similar aggressions directed against them by the Chiefs and tribes of this
Gulf."
In Article 3 he undertook to refer to the arbitration of the Political
Resident cases of aggression by sea on Bahrein or Bahreinis and to refrain
from retaliation without the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. 's assent. "And the British
Resident engages that he will forthwith take the necessary steps for
obtaining reparation for every injury ... by sea upon Bahrein or
. its dependencies."
(d) On 22nd December 1880 Sheikh Isa signed an agreement binding Do., p. 162.
himself and his successors not to enter into negotiations with any State or
Government other than the British without the consent of the British
Government, and to prevent the establishment of diplomatic or consular
agencies or coaling depots, other than British, without the consent of the
British Government.
^This engagement does not apph T to or affect the customary friendly
correspondence with the local authorities of neighbouring States on business
of minor importance."

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Content

The memorandum comprises summaries and précis of the treaties signed between the British Government and the Arab rulers and chiefs on the Arabian Peninsula and in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . The first part of the memorandum, prepared by J P Gibson and dated 21 July 1927, provides overviews of the various treaties for: Koweit [Kuwait]; Bahrein [Bahrain] and the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; Qatar; Muscat; Mavia (in Yemen); and the Idrisi Treaties. The second part of the memorandum, prepared by David Taylor Monteath and dated 9 August 1926, offers a more detailed précis of most treaties: Koweit; Bahrein; El-Katr [Qatar]; the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; Oman (Muscat). A summary at the end of the précis condenses the key points common to all treaties.

Extent and format
1 file (3 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.

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English in Latin script
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‘Memorandum by the Political Department, India Office, on treaties and agreements between the British Government and the various rulers and chiefs in Arabia and on the Persian Gulf.’ [‎2r] (3/6), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B387, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023472694.0x000004> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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