!['Memorandum on Bahrein' [‎12v] (24/62)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x000030/IOR_L_PS_18_B485_0024.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "'Memorandum on Bahrein' [‎12v] (24/62)")
'Memorandum on Bahrein' [12v] (24/62)
The record is made up of 1 file (31 folios). It was created in 13 Jan 1947. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
24
and interested themselves in its affairs only to the extent necessary to discharge
their treaty obligations to its rulers (which included a guarantee of defence
against external aggression) and to ensure the peace of the Gulf, finally, that
while Her Majesty's Government agreed to notify Persia, when circumstances
permitted, before taking punitive action against Bahrein, on the only occasion-
on which (immediately after) they appear to have given effect to this undertaking,
the terms of their communication made it clear that they regarded themselves
as at liberty to punish the usurping Sheikhs Md. bin Abdullah and Md. bin
Khalifa (in*accordance with the obligations assumed by them under the Treaties
of 1820 and 1861 with Bahrein) for their piratical attack on Bahrein and murder
of the Chief placed in power there by the British Government.
X.—1870-80. From the Turkish Occupation of Hasa to the First Exclusive
Agreement
Turkish Protest, 1870
99. In January 1870 a protest was received from the Turkish Government
f.o. to i .e., against the recent actions of the Resident at Bahrein. In reply the Turkish
.vnizo 0. Government were informed that Her Majesty's Government could not recognise
Lor. I, 901. the Turkish claim to sovereignty over Bahrein; and were courteously reminded of
the intimation made to them in 1851 on Lord Palmerston's instructions (para
graph 61 above).
Turkish Occupation of Hasa. British Assurances to Bahrem, 1871
100. In 1871 the Turks occupied Hasa. Protests at Constantinople in
April and May 1871 against rumoured Turkish designs on Bahrein resulted in a
repudiation by Turkey of any such designs. The assurances received from the
Turkish Government were communicated to the Sheikh of Bahrein, who had
asked Her Majesty's Government for their advice and their protection against
Lor. I, 902. the Turks in May 1871, and he was informed that so long as he observed the
provisions of the Convention of 1861 (paragraph 70 above) the reciprocal obliga
tions towards him of Great Britain would be fulfilled.
101. Protests about the same time at Constantinople led to a Turkish
Lor. i, 919. repudiation of the designs which the Turkish Government were alleged to have
entertained at Bahrein, and the Turkish authorities in Hasa were given
instructions by their Government which debarred them from approaching
Bahrein. In May 1871 the Shah enquired from Her Majesty's Representative at
Tehran as to the probable effect on Bahrein of the Turkish occupation of Hasa
and was informed in reply of the assurances which had been given to Her
Majesty's Government by the Turks.
Reply to Persian Legation at Constantinople as to meaning of British 'Note of
April 1869
102. In November 1871 the Secretary of the Persian Legation at Constan
tinople made enquiries of Her Majesty's Ambassador in connection with a
rumour that a Turkish expedition was to be sent for the reduction of Bahrein,
^ which island the Persian Secretary stated had been acknowledged by the
Hertsiet, 28. British Government as a portion of the Persian dominions and ... in proof of
cp. g. of i. this assertion he had handed to Sir H. Elliott a copy of the note which Lord
16 ' Clarendon addressed to General Haji Mohsin Khan on 28th April, 1869. Sir
H. Elliott, however, observed that he saw in that note nothing more than an
acknowledgment that the claim had previously been made ; but that he was
unwilling to discuss the point, as he believed there was no danger of any attempt
being made to interfere with the position of Bahrein as it then stood."
Turkish Claims, 1871-79
103. Consequent on the murder of a Turkish messenger in Bahrein in
August or September 1871, the Turkish Government demanded reparation direct
from the Sheikh and received a conciliatory reply. On their demand being pressed
the Sheikh, on the advice of the Resident, suggested that the matter be arranged
between the British and the Turkish Governments, by whose joint decision he
would abide, but the Turkish Government preferred that it should be settled direct
by the parties by agents. Her Majesty's Government saw no objection to such
a procedure so long as no compulsion or show of force by Turkey was involved.
The Turks, however, let the matter drop. The incident is of some interest as
About this item
- Content
This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:
- Geographical situation;
- Bahrein priot to 1783;
- 1783-1820;
- 1820-30;
- 1830-40;
- 1840-50;
- 1850-61;
- 1861-67;
- Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;
- 1870-80;
- 1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;
- 1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;
- 1913-34;
- Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);
- Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;
- Independent Status of Bahrein;
- 1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).
The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (31 folios)
- Arrangement
The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
Use and share this item
- Share this item
'Memorandum on Bahrein' [12v] (24/62), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B485, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023506165.0x000019> [accessed 24 April 2024]
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023506165.0x000019
Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.
<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023506165.0x000019">'Memorandum on Bahrein' [‎12v] (24/62)</a> <a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023506165.0x000019"> <img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x000030/IOR_L_PS_18_B485_0024.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" /> </a>
This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x000030/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images
Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B485
- Title
- 'Memorandum on Bahrein'
- Pages
- 1r:21v, 25v:26v, 30r:31v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence