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'Memorandum on Bahrein' [‎13v] (26/62)

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The record is made up of 1 file (31 folios). It was created in 13 Jan 1947. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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26
XI.—1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second
Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government
Persian Demarche, 1886
Lor. r, 919.
Teh. tel. 188,
27.9.1886.
F.O. to I.O.,
80.7.1886.
F.O. to Teh.,
tel. No. 58,
8.10.1886.
Lor. I, 911.
Lor. I, 920.
Warning to Turkey, 1888
113. In March 1888 the Turkish Government were informed that any
attempt to effect a landing in Bahrein would be opposed by force, and that no
claim by the Porte to jurisdiction over Bahrein could be admitted, since Her
Majesty's Government regarded the Sheikh as an independent ruler with whom
they were in treaty relations.
110. In September 1886 the Shah sent a verbal message to Her Majesty's
Government through the Minister at Tehran that he considered the communica
tion made to him in April 1869 as tantamount to an admission of his rights in
Bahrein and that he was anxious to establish his authority effectually over the
islands either by sending a Governor to Bahrein or possibly by recognising the
Sheikh as representative of Persian authority, but that he wished the maritime
police to remain in the hands of the British authorities. An answer was prepared
by Her Majesty's Government to the effect that they did not concur in His
Majesty's interpretation of the communication of April 1869. They had treaty
engagements with the Sheikh, whom they considered to be independent, and must
hold the Sheikh to his engagements while fulfilling those they had contracted
towards him. As, however, the Shah did not return to the subject, the message
was not delivered.
111. In the same year presents sent from the Persian Governor of Lar to
the Sheikh were returned to the sender.
112. In 1887-88 Persian intrigues took place with a view to the establish
ment of Persian influence on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . These were
of little importance in the case of Bahrein, but it may be recorded that it appears
that in the case of that principality the Persian Government had sanctioned a
scheme for the seizure of Bahrein by Sheikh Jasim of Uohah in Qatar, who
had seemingly undertaken to put the Persians in possession of the Sheikhdom.
Two British ships were in February 1888 stationed off Bahrein, with instructions
to prevent by force any hostile attempt to land by the Turks, Arabs or Persians,
and the Minister at Tehran was asked by the (Government of India so to inform
the Persian Government. As, however, the Amin-us-Sultan, "on beino'
questioned disavowed all designs on Bahrein, Her Majesty's Minister thought
it better to avoid the reference to forcible action."
Aitchison
(1933),
Vol. XI,
No. xiii, 238.
Second Exclusive Agreement between Her Majesty's Government and Bahrein
(1892)
114. On 13th March, 1892, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. signed a second
Exclusive Agreement with the Sheikh of Bahrein on behalf of Her Majesty's
Government. The provisions of the Agreement (which was ratified on 12th May,
1892, and which was expressed to be binding on the Sheikh, his heirs, and
successors) were as follows :—
(1) " That I will on no account enter into any agreement or correspondence
with any Power other than the British Government.
(2) " That without the assent of the British Government I will not consent
to the residence within my territory of the agent of any other
Government.
(3) " That I will on no account cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for
occupation any part of my territory, save to the British Government."
Const. Desp.
No. 348 of
15.11.1892.
Further Warning to Turkey, November 1892
115. In November 1892 the Ottoman Government were warned (apropos of
the position of Bahreinis at Basra) that Bahrein was under British protection,
and that no interference with its natives by the Ottoman authorities could be
admitted. In the same year the Porte was informed, with reference to a
rumoured intention to land Turkish troops, that such action would be opposed
by Her Majesty's ships.

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Content

This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:

  • Geographical situation;
  • Bahrein priot to 1783;
  • 1783-1820;
  • 1820-30;
  • 1830-40;
  • 1840-50;
  • 1850-61;
  • 1861-67;
  • Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;
  • 1870-80;
  • 1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;
  • 1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;
  • 1913-34;
  • Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);
  • Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;
  • Independent Status of Bahrein;
  • 1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).

The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.

Extent and format
1 file (31 folios)
Arrangement

The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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'Memorandum on Bahrein' [‎13v] (26/62), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B485, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023506165.0x00001b> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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