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'Memorandum on Bahrein' [14r] (27/62)
The record is made up of 1 file (31 folios). It was created in 13 Jan 1947. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
27
Summary, 1880-92
116. The Turkish claim was again pressed vigorously during this period
and was consistently rejected by Her Majesty s Government.
The Shah raised the question of the Persian claim in 1886, but did not press
the matter. . TT
In 1892 the Sheikh entered into his Second Exclusive Agreement with Her
Majesty's Government.
XII. 1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish
Convention of 1913
British repudiations of Turkish Claims, 1892-98
117. In 1895 steps were taken at Constantinople by Her Majesty's Govern
ment to check an attempted invasion of Bahrein from Qatar, which seemed not Lor. r, 935.
improbably to have been inspired by the Turks, and later in the same year Her
Majesty's Government twice reiterated to the Porte that Bahrein was under
British protection and that no interference with it would be tolerated. The
views of Her Majesty's Government on the status of the island were again
officially repeated at Constantinople on two occasions in 1896. In 1897 the Con
stantinople Board of Health proposed to establish a sanitary post in Bahrein.
The proposal was abandoned on the objections of the British delegate, who
represented that Bahrein was an independent principality under Biitish
protection.
118. In 1898 a Turkish request that a British Vice-Consul alleged to have
been appointed at Bahrein should apply to the Turkish Government for his
exequatur was refused on the ground that Her Majesty's Government could
not adimit the right of the Turkish Government to insist that a British Consular Lor. I, 935.
Officer in Bahrem should be provided with a Turkish exequatur. In 1899 the
Minister at Tehran informed the French representative at that capital that
since 1880 the Sheikh was precluded by treaty from holding direct relations
with any Power other than Her Majesty's Government and that his subjects
abroad were now under British protection.
119. A native British Agent had for a long period of years been maintained
in Bahrein. In 1900 a British
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
was appointed at Bahrein. The
post has been maintained since that date, and has been filledl by an officer of the
Indian Political Department since 1904.
The Incident of 1901
120. On 31st August, 1901, a Belgian customs official in the service of the Lor. I, 935-6.
Persian Government visited Bahrein, where he called on the Sheikh and informed
him that he had been deputed by the Shah to obtain his consent to place Persian
custom officials in Bahrein. An official protest was at once madie by His Majesty's
Minister to the Persian Government in the course of which Sir A. Hardinge
remarked that no intimation had been given to the
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
"of this Persian mission to an Arab State under British protec
tion and bound by special treaties, of which the Persian Government cannot be
ignorant, to the Government of India .... It is my duty to place on record Toh. Desp.
in the clearest manner that His Majesty the Emperor of India cannot acquiesce ^ 0 91 1 ^ 1 of
in any foreign interference in the affairs of Bahrein .... and that any attempt
to disturb the relations established by treaties of long standing between those
Chiefs and the Government of India will be regarded as an unfriendly act."
The Attabeg-i-Azam, in a note received on 17th September, 1901, replied :
"As I have told you verbally, M. Simais has had no instructions from the
Persian Government on this matter, and if there have been any steps on his
part it must have been by mistake and he will be reprimanded for it.''
The Disorders of 1904—05
121. In 1904-05, consequent on a series of attacks on Persians and on Lor. 1, 938-42.
German subjects in Bahrein, the Persians appealed to the Shah. The Persian
Government replied that His Majesty's Government would take action on their
behalf. The text of their telegram was as follows: "To the Merchants and:
Traders of the High Government living in Bahrein. Your telegram on the
subject of the assaults which have been made upon you by the Arab roughs of
Bahrein has been received. Certainly let your minds be at rest. Consultations
85—177 e 2
About this item
- Content
This printed memorandum, produced by the Foreign Office, dated 13 Jan 1947, deals with the history of Bahrein [Bahrain] from the point of view of the political status of the islands at various periods and dates since 1783, and contains copies of related correspondence and discussions. The principal authorities quoted in the memorandum are listed on folio 1v and appear as references in the right or left hand margin. The memorandum includes an index on folio 1r and a list of appendices on folio 1v. The index contains the the following sections:
- Geographical situation;
- Bahrein priot to 1783;
- 1783-1820;
- 1820-30;
- 1830-40;
- 1840-50;
- 1850-61;
- 1861-67;
- Discussion and Incidents, 1868-70;
- 1870-80;
- 1880-92. From the conclusion of the First to the conclusion of the Second Exclusive Agreement with Her Majesty's Government;
- 1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913;
- 1913-34;
- Summary (A. Claims to or assertions of soverignty over Bahrein, 1783 to 1934. B. Basis of the Persian claim. C. Attitude of His Majesty's Government, 1820-1934);
- Reference to Law Officers of the Crown;
- Independent Status of Bahrein;
- 1934-46 (Establishment of Naval Base at Bahrein; Persian Government's refusal to recognise visas and endoresments of Bahrein; Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the Saudi Arabian Government regarding Transit Dues at Bahrein; The Liabilities of His Majesty's Government in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ; Treatment of Bahreinis in Persia; Bahrein Nationality and Property Laws; Treatment of Persians in Bahrein; Postal Services between Persian and Bahrein; Persian Government decree regarding import of Petroleum Products from Bahrein; Remarks of the Persian Prime Minister to the United States Ambassador; Recent references to Bahrein in the Persian Press).
The memorandum is marked 'Confidential' and 'The Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government'.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (31 folios)
- Arrangement
The file contains an index and list of appendices (folio 1) which make reference to paragraph and page numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B485
- Title
- 'Memorandum on Bahrein'
- Pages
- 1r:21v, 25v:26v, 30r:31v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence