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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Nejd Affairs, 1804-1904' [6] (14/68)
The record is made up of 1 volume (34 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
6
IV.—First encroachments of the Wahabis on Oman, 1804—1808.
17. We are now brought face to face with the Wahabis in the Persian
Gulf. The growing influence of the Wahabis justly alarmed the Persian
and Turkish Governments, who offered to unite with Maskat in repelling
the common danger. At this juncture, however, several of the principal Chiefs
of Oman were induced to array their influence on the side of the Waha
bis under a compact which recognized their independence of Maskat. Cut
off from all support, except what he derived from Mekran and the coun
try westward of Maskat, the Imam was compelled to make peace with the
Wahabis on their own terms.
18. In the year 1804, the Imam of Maskat was killed in a battle with
—, . , . . 7 . . 7^ i v. the Uttubis. He left two younsr sons
Disputed supeesston at Maskat and Jrahaht , > i , n . . i ■» .n •
intervention, 1804. whose rights were disputed by their un-
cle Syud Ghes of Sohar. To oppose his
pretensions they entrusted the care of the Government to their cousin Syud
Beder, This person had during the late Imam's life time allied himself to
the Wahabis, and he now called in their aid, by which, for the first time,
they were enabled to obtain a firm footing in Maskat. By the help of the
Wahabis, Syud Beder reduced the rebellious Syud Ghes to submission,
and recovered possession of Bunder Abbas and Ormuz, both of which places
had been seized by the Chief of Kishm. In his expedition to Bunder Abbas
and Ormuz, Syud Beder was accompanied by the Hesident, Captain Seton,
with two of the Company's cruisers. Our Marine was at this time actively
engaged in putting down the Joasmi pirates, who had a short time before
captured the Shannon and Trimmer. In 1806 a combined British and Mas
kat fleet proceeded to Kishm and successfully blockaded the Joasmis, when
they sued for terms. This led to the conclusion of the Treaty with the Joasmi
tribe dated the 6th February 1806.
19. During the next two years the supineness of the Persian and Turkish
Complete ascendancy of the wahaiis in Oman. Governments, and the weakness arising
from the disputed succession in Maskat,
enabled the Wahabis completely to establish their ascendancy in Oman.
v.—(1) The JkoWi pirates under Wahabi influence first venture into
the Indian Seas- (2) Expedition against Joasmis and Wahabis,
1809—1813.
20. In 1808 the Wahabi power rose to its height. They held the revenues
of the upper part of Oman, and ruled over the powerful tribe of the Joas-
mis to the exclusion of their own Chief, who was compelled to abandon his
country. It was under this influence that the Joasmis ventured to extend
their, piratical depredations to the Indian Seas, an object long contemplated
by the Wahabis.
21. It was now apprehended that the Maskat State would be drawn into
the general system of piracy which prevailed in the Gulf unless relieved from
the pressure employed by the Wahabis to reduce it. The Arab Sheikhs
chafed at the tyranny and insults of the Wababi Officers, and only waited
for a signal to re-unite under the Imam's standard. Taking advantage of
the absence of the Wahabi Chief on a visit to Mecca in 1809, the Imam
fitted out an expedition in which the Uttubis and a party of the Joasmis
offered to join against the common enemy. The expedition sailed down
the Gulf under the personal command of Syud Saeed, but it terminated with
out accomplishing anything.
22. The Resident, Captain Seton, represented that nothing but the interfe
rence of the British Government could prevent the destruction of Maskat as a port
of commerce, and its shipping being added to the resources of the pirates—an
opinion in which Captain (afterwards Sir J.) Malcolm entirely concurred.
Influenced by these considerations the Supreme Government determined on
despatching an armament to the Gulf for the suppression of piracy, as weli
as for the protection of Maskat. The armament proceeded in the first place
About this item
- Content
The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Najd (spelt Nejd throughout) affairs for the years 1896-1904. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.
The volume includes a preface (folio 3) and list of contents (folio 4). The sections listed in the contents run as follows:
- I: Rise of the Wahabis under Abdul Wahab [‘Abd al-Wahhāb] ante1740;
- II: Political History of Nejd ante 1800 to 1804;
- III: Genealogy of the Wahabi Amirs;
- IV: First encroachments of the Wahabis on Oman,, 1804-1808;
- V: (1) Joasami [Āl Qāsimī One of the ruling families of the United Arab Emirates; also used to refer to a confederation of seafaring Arabs led by the Qāsimī tribe from Ras al Khaima. ] pirates under Wahabi influence first venture into the Indian Seas. (2) Expedition against Joasamis and Wahabis, 1808-1809;
- VI: First Egyptian Invasion of Nejd, 1814-1819;
- VII: Resurrection of the Wahabis and Reconstitution of the Wahabi Kingdom, 1824-1831;
- VIII: Wahabi overtures to British Government, 1831;
- IX: (1) Wahabi Invasion of Oman, 1833. (2) Views of the Government of India as to the claims of Maskat [Muscat] on the British Government;
- X: (1) Turki [Turkī] murdered by Meshari [Mashārī]. (2) Meshari executed by Feysal [Fayṣal]. (3) Feysal assumes Kingdom;
- XI: (1) Second Egyptian Invasion of Nejd. (2) Egyptian withdrawal under British pressure;
- XII: Government of Khalid [Khālid] as Turkish viceregent;
- XIII: (1) Abdullah bin Saneyan [‘Abdullāh bin Thānīyān] seizes the kingdom. (2) Feysal returns from exile;
- XIV: (1) Oman again threatened by the Wahabis. (2) British policy;
- XV: Wahabi attempt on Bahrein [Bahrain]
- XVI: Invasion of Oman by Abdullah, son of Feysal (2) Treaty between Maskat and Wahabis;
- XVII: Feysal's nominal dependence upon Turkey, 1855;
- XVIII: (1) Renewal of Wahabi attempt on Bahrein. (2) British interference, 1859;
- XIX: (1) Blockade of Wahabi ports by Chief of Bahrein, 1861. (2) Blockade raised on British interference;
- XX: Turkish protest against British proceedings;
- XXI: Differences between Sultan of Maskat and Amir of Nejd, 1864-65;
- XXII: Visit of Colonel [Lewis] Pelly to Riadh [Riyadh], 1865;
- XXIII: Difference between Sultan of Maskat and Amir of Nejd (continued), 1864-1865;
- XXIV: (1) Rebellion of two Oman tribes under leadership of Wahabi Officer. (2) Outrage of British subjects;
- XXV: British operations against the Wahabis, 1865-66;
- XXVI: The Amir of Nejd comes to terms, 1866;
- XXVII: Deputation of a Wahabi envoy to Baghdad, 1866;
- XXVIII: Wahabi advances to Beraymi [al-Buraymī];
- XXIX: Civil War between Abdullah and Saud [Sa‘ūd], his brother. (2) Turkish expedition into Nejd to assist Abdullah, 1870-71;
- XXX: Saud bin Feysal's appeal to the Resident for arbitration of the British Government, 1871-1873;
- XXXI: Saud's negotiations with the Turks, 1872;
- XXXII: First Mission of Haji Ahmed [Ḥājjī Aḥmad] to Baghdad, 1872;
- XXXIII: Second Mission of Haji Ahmed to Baghdad, 1872;
- XXXIV: Visit of Abdullah messenger to Baghdad, 1872-1873;
- XXXV: Release of Abdur Rahman [‘Abd al-Raḥmān];
- XXXVI: Death of Saud bin Faysal [Sa‘ūd bin Fayṣal] and election of Abdul Rahman as Amir, 1875;
- XXXVII: Abdullah bin Feysal [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal] defeats Abdur Rahman, 1875-80;
- XXXVIII: Threatened Revolt of the Montefik Arabs [al-Muntafiq], 1880;
- XXXIX: Sheikh Abdullah bin Thanneyan, 1879-1880;
- XL: State of affairs in 1881;
- XLI: Rise of the Shammar principality, 1835-1882;
- XLII: Genealogy of Shammar Chiefs;
- XLIII: Hostilities between Abdullah bin Feysal and Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rashīd];
- XLIV: Imprisonment of Abdullah bin Feysal and absorption of the Wahabi Kingdom in the Shammar principality, 1887-1896;
- XLV: Complications with Koweit, 1897-1904.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (34 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged divided into forty five (identified by Roman numerals). There are paragraph numbers that are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first section, and ending on 230 in the final section. A contents page appears at the front of the volume (folio 4).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Nejd Affairs, 1804-1904' [6] (14/68), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C240, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023512715.0x000010> [accessed 19 April 2024]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C240
- Title
- 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Nejd Affairs, 1804-1904'
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:2, 1:12, 14:15, 17:37, 39:56, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence