![‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎46] (58/160)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0001b8/IOR_L_PS_20_C238_0059.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [‎46] (58/160)")
‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’ [46] (58/160)
The record is made up of 1 volume (80 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
46
" Saood is still reporte to lie in possession of Riadh and Nejd Proper. The whereabouts
of Abdoollah is not distinctly known, but he is said to be not far from the capital, probably at
Kharij, to the south, aud it is said that the inhabitants of the country are endeavouring' to
bring about a reconciliation between the brothers with the view to their combining to get rid
of the Ottoman troops.
" It is to be apprehended that the position of these last is very precariou8.' ,
106. Colonel Felly's Moonsliee, writing in July, reported Abdullah to be
two days' march from Kiadh:—
,f Saood," he said, " has no money and has expenses. Abdoollah bin Feysul is now
located at a place called Akhremeh, two days' journey from Riadh, and has followers from the
Nejd countryj and is also in want of money. He was originally anxious to be friends with
his brother Saood ; but when letters from the parts of Bahrein informed him that the Turkish
army intended to establish him as Imam, he would not consent, and is wailing to see what
turn affairs will take, but was unable to get across to the Turks on account of the insecurity
of the roads." He added; "Fereck
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
is now at Lahsa, aud is unable to move further on
account of the sickness, heat, and hot winds.
" It is said that if the people of Nejd join together, no one will be able to subdue them.
But now they are separated, some following Saood and some Abdoollah, and that to a certainly
their enemies will subdue them.
"At heart the people of Nejd do not like the sons of Feysul on account of their oppres
sion and unjust taxes, and on this account they are now ruined.
" Ibrahim Beg has a following of 800 Turks in Katif, and has ordered the streets to be
swept and watered. He has ordered bazaars to be established out of the fort. About 70
prostitutes from Baghdad were brought to Katif in the Snipe, and 80 wine sellers, and their
business is flourishing.
" People say if the Najdees be certain of these proceedings, they may join together and
fight the Turks, as the Wahabees do not consent to such acts,
" Some of the merchants of Katif have communicated these proceedings to the people
of Nejd, and they will know that the Turks are of another creed. They are now assured
that the intention of the Turks is to place Abdoollah bin Feysal as their Imam, and that their
religion will rule as before/'
167. The position of affairs in the beginning of August is thus described
by Colonel Pelly in his letter of the Mth of that month :—
" 1st. —The Turkish force is in occupation of the fertile district and ports of Lahsa; and the
question is being discussed between the Commander of the forces and the Turkish authorities
as to whether the Expedition should for the present remain at Lahsa, or whether constitutin»
Lahsa an intermediate base of operations^ the Expedition should advance into Nejd.
"2nd. —The Commander of the forces would seem to be in favour of halting where he is
at all events, until the weather cools and rain falls. The Turkish authorities, on the other
hand, would seem to be urging an advance, and contemplating an invasion of Nejd by a com
bined movement of the forces now in occupation of portions of the Arabian Littorals of the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
and Red Sea. Should this alleged combined operation be successfully carried into
effect it might have important results, and would seem to indicate an intention permanently to
occupy Peninsular Arabia as a Turkish province.
rf 3rd. —The Expedition appears to intend strengthening its sea base by the erection of forts
at Ojair and in the neighbourhood of Katif, while the line of communication between those
ports and Lahsa is to be secured by fortified posts at every caravan stage.
ft ^.—Arrangements appear to have been made for the occupation of Gwafctur. But
this region continues as yet in a distracted state, pressed on by the Turks, and harassed by the
Bedouins, who appear, at the instigation of Saood bin Feysul, to be marauding or aggressing
all along the southern flank of the Turkish line of communication.
"5^.—The respective positions of the contending brothers, Abdoollah and Saood bin
Feysul, do not seem to be certainly known. Neither seem to be in great force, while the
tribes and the inhabitants of the Capital Riadh appear to be a waiting either the imprisonment
or death of one of the aspirants."
168. On the 28th August, Colonel Pelly reported two fights between Ab
dullah and Sand. The latter was said to have been killed - and Saud wounded.
The Turkish Commander was becoming uneasy about his communication with
the coast and was calling for reinforcements, two or three hundred men had
i
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About this item
- Content
Part 1 of a Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. gazetteer of historical and political materials, a précis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs. The précis was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha, whose preface (under which his surname is erroneously spelt Saldana) is dated 25 November 1904, and published by the Government of India Foreign Deptartment, Simla, India.
The preface is an historical outline of the struggle for political dominance in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , including Portuguese, British, Wahabi [ Wahhābī A follower of the Islamic reform movement known as Wahhabism; also used to refer to the people and territories ruled by the Al-Saud family. ] and Turkish expansion. The chapters (titles shown in italics) deal with the subject in an roughly chronological fashion:
1. Early history of Hasa and Katif , including: references to the area in Arabic writing; the first known Arab colonists; and early references to the area in British (East India Company) records;
2. Conquest of Hasa by the Wahabis and Turkish expeditions into Nejd [Najd] and Hasa, and their results 1800-1865 , including: conquest of the area by the Wahabis; Turkish expeditions to the area, 1811-19 and 1836-40; Amir Feysal’s [Fayṣal ibn Turki Āl Sa‘ūd] nominal dependence on Turkey, 1855; troubles in Katif, 1859-62; Turkish protest against British proceedings at Damaum [Dammām], 1862; the British war against Amir Feysal, 1865-66; obsolete title of award of Arabia by an Abbasid caliph to the Ottoman Porte; Ottoman ambitions in Arabia (Holy Ottoman Empire);
3. Turkish expedition to Nejd and Hasa, 1871-72 , including: origins of the expedition; intelligence from the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Colonel Lewis Pelly; British policy in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and effects of the Turkish expedition on that policy; Turkish assurances to Britain, communicated to Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) by Pelly; Turkish promise of non-interference with the rulers of the Trucial coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. ; narrative of the events leading up to and including the landing of the expeditionary force in Nejd; Turkish designs on Katar [Qatar], and their hoisting of the Turkish flag at Budaa [Al-Bidda]; Turkish naval activity in the Gulf, and Britain’s naval response; murder of a suspected Turkish messenger at Bahrain; reasons for the non-interference of the British Government in operations on land; further narrative of the expedition and affairs in Nejd; evidence of Turkish designs on Bahrain; Turkish assurances; relations between Turkey and Abuthabi [Abu Dhabi]; close of the Turkish expedition;
4. Internal affairs of Hasa and Katif, 1872-1904 , including: administration and internal organisation; and a list of governors at Hasa, including events of significance occurring during their rule;
5. Survey of the Katif coast, 1873-74 , including: British intentions and permission gained from the Ottoman Porte; complaints of British survey officers landing on the Nejd coast; written permission to land to undertake surveying.
6. Increase of Turkish military and naval forces in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and Turkish policy , including: a memorandum by Captain T Doughty on the state of affairs in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ;
7. (1) Trade Relations of Hindu and other traders of Bahrain with Katif, and their disabilities , and (2) Proposal appointment of a consular officer at Katif ;
8. Piracies , including: piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878; ; revolt in Hasa and piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters, 1878-81; Turkish responsibilities and jurisdiction for the purpose of suppressing piracies in Katif waters, 1878-81; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1883; piracies in Katif and Bahrain waters in 1886; piracies in 1887-88; piracies in 1891-92; piracies in 1899-1900; piracies in 1902 and the proposal of the Chief of Bahrain to maintain an armed dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. for the pursuit of pirates, 1902-03;
9. Murder of Sheikh Selman-bin-Diaij-el-Khalifa [Shaikh Salman bin Diaj Āl Khalīfah] , a cousin of the Chief of Bahrain and his party about 40 miles south of Katif. Question of satisfaction and compensation for it ;
10. Turkish designs on Oman and the rest of the East Arabian Littoral, 1888-1899 ;
11. Summary of British declarations against Turkish encroachments in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and of the Porte’s assurances, 1871-1904 .
The cover of volume, on which the title is printed, also has a number of different pencil and pen annotations, marking former external references or numbering systems (‘P.2557/29’, ‘No.5’, ‘C238’).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (80 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged into eleven chapters, preceded by a preface. Each chapter is organised by subheadings, and its paragraphs numbered. The paragraph numbers are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first chapter, and ending on 553/553A at the end of the eleventh chapter. A contents page at the front of the volume (ff.4-5) lists the chapters by their headings and subheadings, with each referring to paragraph, rather than page, numbers.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence, with page numbers located top and centre of each page.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C238
- Title
- ‘Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Precis of Turkish expansion on the Arab littoral of the Persian Gulf and Hasa [Al-Hasa] and Katif [Al-Qaṭīf] affairs.’
- Pages
- front, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:4, 1:2, 1:35, 37:40, 42:80, 82:108, 110:144, iii-r:iii-v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence