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'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part II. J G Lorimer. 1915' [2375] (892/1262)
The record is made up of 1 volume (1165 pages). It was created in 1915. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
2375
B
iy ^utawwa^ used apparently in the sense of " pledged to obedience,"* seems
to have been borrowed from the Wahhabis, who applied the term to their
propagandists ; but the Mutawi'ah, though they resemble the Wahhabis
in proscribing tobacco and requiring the punishment of those who smoke,
are genuine and even fanatical Ibadhiyah. The Mutawi ; ah hold that the
Khalifah ^Ali was not a Muslim at all, but a Kafir ; and they consider
the re -institution of an elective religious Imamate in ^Oman to be neces
sary, especially for the purpose of reforming public morals. Two points
of morality emphasised by the Mutawi^ah are that marriages should not
be contracted without the ceremony of Nikah and that the veiling of
women ought to be more rigidly practised.
The Mutawi^ah first attracted notice about the year 1841, when Mutawwa'
Saijid Hamud of Sohar placed some of their leaders in charge of his movemente
principal forts to hold them against the Wahhabis; and again, in 1845, ^0.^037
some of the Mutawi^ah took part in the opposition which was offered
to the proceedings of a Wahhabi agent at Baraimi. The revolution of
1868, which carried Saiyid ^Azzan-bin-Qais into power at Masqat, was
essentially Mutawwa' in its character; and the fanatical proceedings of
tlie sect from 1868 to 1871 are noticed in the history of the ^Oman
Sultanate. The short-lived regency of ^Abdul ■'Aziz, in 1875, was
distinguished by a Mutawwa' attempt to reform public morals at Masqat;
and the rebel attack on Masqat in 1877 was primarily a Mutawwa- 7 enter
prise. In 1883 a Mutawwa' rising against the Sultan's authority took
place, of which one object was understood to be the supersession of the
reigning Sultan by an Imam; and in 1895 the town of Masqat was
captured, and for a time held, by the leaders of the Mutawi'ah and their
adherents, whose professed purpose it was on this occasion to remove the
He facto secular head of the state. In 1903 an actual attempt was made
by the Mutawwa' party to set up an Imam in the Eustaq valley, in
competition with the ruling Sultan; but the movement collapsed for want
of support. The political ambition of individuals, the desire for change,
and the hope of booty had probably as much effect in producing these
disturbances as any religious motive properly so called.
The MutawPah, whose numbers it is impossible to estimate, are most Leaders of
numerous in the turbulent district of Sharqiyah, where most of the the Muta-
movements above mentioned have originated. Their religious head, until
Ms death in 1871, was the priest S a'id-bin-K half an, Khalili, who '*
first emerged from obscurity in the Mutawwa' government of the Sohar
principality about 1841 and afterwards became the chief adviser of
; Azzan-bin-Qais; and the most influential tribal leader on the Mutawwa'
side was Salih-bin-'Ali, head of the Hirth tribe, who took a conspicuous
part in all the Mutawwa' movements between 1868 and 1896, in which
latter year he was killed. The principal 'Ulama of the Mutawi'ah in
1905 were 'Abdullah-bin-Hamad, Salimi, and Muhammad-bin-
Shaikhan, Salimi, both of Sharqiyah; and the place of Salih-bin-'Aliwas
ffled by his son 'Isa.
/Mutawwa' has also the meaning, in ordinary Arabic, of "a militarj volunteer."
" is not quite plain whether the term Mutawwa' is applied to every member of the
8eck here dealt with, or only to the leaders of the same.
About this item
- Content
This volume is Volume I, Part II (Historical) of the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , ’Omān and Central Arabia (Government of India: 1915), compiled by John Gordon Lorimer and completed for press by Captain L Birdwood.
Part II contains an 'Introduction' (pages i-iii) written by Birdwood in Simla, dated 10 October 1914, 'Table of Chapters, Annexures, Appendices and Genealogical Tables' (pags v-viii), and 'Detailed Table of Contents' (ix-cxxx). These are also found in Volume I, Part IA of the Gazetteer (IOR/L/PS/20/C91/1).
Part II consists of three chapters:
- 'Chapter X. History of ’Arabistān' (pages 1625-1775);
- 'Chapter XI. History of the Persian Coast and Islands' (pages 1776-2149);
- 'Chapter XII. History of Persian Makrān' (pages 2150-2203).
The chapters are followed by nineteen appendices:
- 'Appendix A: Meteorology and Health in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2205-2211);
- 'Appendix B: Geology of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2212-2219);
- 'Appendix C: The Pearl and Mother-of-Pearl Fisheries of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2220-2293);
- 'Appendix D: Date Production and the Date Trade in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2294-2307);
- 'Appendix E: Fisheries of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2308-2318);
- 'Appendix F: Sailing Craft of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2319-2332);
- 'Appendix G: Transport Animals and Livestock of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2333-2348);
- 'Appendix H: Religions and Sects of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2349-2385);
- 'Appendix I: Western Christianity and Missions in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2386-2399);
- 'Appendix J: The Telegraphs of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. in their relation to the Telegraph Systems of Persia and Turkey' (pages 2400-2438);
- 'Appendix K: Mail Communications and the Indian Post Office in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2439-2474);
- 'Appendix L: The Slave Trade in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2475-2516);
- 'Appendix M: Epidemics and Sanitary Organization in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2517-2555);
- 'Appendix N: The Arms and Ammunition Traffic in the Gulfs of Persia and ’Omān' (pages 2556-2593);
- 'Appendix O: The Imperial Persian Customs' (pages 2594-2625);
- 'Appendix P: Cruise of His Excellency Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. [1903]' (pages 2626-2662);
- 'Appendix Q: British and Foreign Diplomatic Political; and Consular Representation in the Countries Bordering on the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2663-2699);
- 'Appendix R: Book References' (pages 2700-2736)
- 'Appendix S: Explanation of the System of Transliteration' (pages 2737-2741).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (1165 pages)
- Arrangement
Volume I, Part II is arranged into chapters that are sub-divided into numbered periods covering, for example, the reign of a ruler or regime of a Viceroy, or are arbitrarily based on outstanding land-marks in the history of the region. Each period has been sub-divided into subject headings, each of which has been lettered. The appendices are sub-divided into lettered subject headings and also contain numbered annexures, as well as charts. Both the chapters and appendices have further subject headings that appear in the right and left margins of the page. Footnotes appear occasionally througout the volume at the bottom of the page which provide further details and references. A 'Detailed Table of Contents' for Part II and the Appendices is on pages cii-cxxx.
- Physical characteristics
The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 879, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 1503.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C91/2
- Title
- 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part II. J G Lorimer. 1915'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:130, 1625:2742, iii-r:iii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence