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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Koweit Affairs, 1896-1904' [10r] (19/128)
The record is made up of 1 volume (64 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
7
Turkish influence should not extend. He did not, therefore, make any state
ment on this point in his communication to the Porte protesting against any
aggression on Oman.
17. In April 1893, Sir C. Ford stated officially to the Turkish Minister
for Foreign Affairs that Her Majesty's Government admitted Turkish sover
eignty from Basrah to Katif.
18. The Sheikhs of Koweit belong to the Sahah family of the Uttubi of
Arabs. Rahirnbari^ht appears to have been the first of the family who settled
in Koweit. That was about the middle of the 17th century probably,--if
Colonel Pelly is right in the date assigned to the settlement. But from Major
Bruck's report referred to above, paragraph 4, it does not appear lo have been
before 1716 a.d . It was the brother of the first settler by name Sabah,
who fortified the town and laid the foundation of the present principality.
He was succeeded about 1762, by his son Abdullah, who ruled for over 50
years, and made Koweit one of the most prosperous sea-ports in the Persian
Gulf. By his firm and tactful Government, he saved Koweit from external
attacks and internal troubles. Jaber, his son, succeeded him and followed
his policy with success. He was the chief who ruled at Koweit at the
time of Major Bruck's visit in 1829 (referred to above paragraph 4). In
1854 Sheikh Jaber was still the titular ruling chief, when his age was^ said to
be 102, though his son Sheikh Sabah, was the practical ruler, being himself 70
years old at the time. At the time of Colonel Felly's visit in 1865, Sheikh
Sabah, son of Jaber, was the chief and was 80 years old.
Powding says that Sheikh Mahomed bin Sabah was the chief in 1871, but
it is not known when he succeeded, from the Gulf Administration
Report for 1892-93, it appears that Abdullah bin Sabah Chief of Koweit, died
in 1892 and was succeeded by his brother Mahomed.
[See for Genealogical Table, Appendix J5.]
II.—Murder of Mahomed Mn Sabah and his brother Jarrah by
Mubarak and Mubarak's succession, 1896.
19. Sheikh Sabah thus appears to have died between 1871 and 1890 leaving
behind six sons.
1. Abdullah. ") jl/
2. Mahomed. r by the same mother.
3. Jarrah. j
4. Mubarak.
5. Ahmed.
6. Jaber.
Abdullah, who appears to have succeeded Sheikh Sabah, died in 1892.
Mahomed then succeeded his brother Abdullah as Chief of Koweit, but he was
not popular with the tribes, and seems to have quarrelled with his other brothers
except Jarrah. The result was that a conspiracy was hatched against him and
Jarrah by the other brothers and they were assassinated in May 1896, and
Mubarak stepped into the vacant place. The event caused little excitement
locally, but a garbled account of it, connecting the murder of the two brothers
with a British intrigue, reached the palace at Constantinople, and caused some
sensation, Mr. Stavrides, Legal adviser to the British Embassy, heard of this and
drew up the following memorandum (dated 30th June 1896), which is interest
ing as showing the ideas prevailing at the
seoret e., NoTemter 1896, N ob . 181.187. 0 j ]^ owe ^ affairs in Constantinople,
and as having been the first report that attracted the attention of. the British
Government to Koweit affairs :—
<f I have just received information from a trustworthy source in connection with an inci
dent which took place in the port of Koweit, in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, which much disturb
ed and occupied the palace within these last days. In supplying this information
I considered that it might be useful to preface it with a geographical and historical
summary of the said country. Koweit. as you are probably aware, is -a port of Arabia
near Bussorah. Its soil is sandy and without any culture; the population of the town
amounts to 50,000 souls. Its inhabitants are fisher men, generally both for fish and pearls, in
the waters of Bahrein and Katar. Their trade is limited only to India, where they go and
About this item
- Content
The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Kuwait (spelt Koweit throughout) affairs for the years 1896-1904. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.
The volume includes a preface (folio 4), list of contents (folio 5) and list of appendices (folio 6). The sections listed in the contents run as follows:
- I: Brief History of Koweit from circa 1716 to 1896 A.D.;
- II: Murder of Mahomed bin Subah [Muḥammad bin Ṣabāḥ] and his brother Jarrah [Jarrāḥ bin Ṣabāḥ] by Mubarak [Mubārak] and Mubarak’s succession, 1896;
- III: (1) Proposed Turkish Quarantine at Koweit, (2) views of the Government of India and India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ;
- IV: Haripasa Piracy case. Warning to Sheikh of Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit raised - 1895-1896;
- V: Threatened attack of Sheikhs Jasim bin Thani [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī] and Yusuf bin Ibrahim [Yūsuf bin Ibrāhīm] on Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit discussed 1897-98;
- VI: (1) Movements of Turkish troops towards Koweit, (2) Russian intrigues, (3) Question of Protectorate over Koweit further discussed;
- VII: Proposed British Protectorate over Koweit. Agreement with the Sheikh of Koweit, December 1898 - May 1899;
- VIII: Porte's complaints against British proceedings at Koweit as infrigement of quarantine regulations, May 1899;
- IX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by the Turks, (2) Defence of Koweit, February - March 1899;
- X: (1) Question of status of the Sheikh of Koweit, (2) Turkish activity in the neighbourhood, (3) Imposition of customs duty by Sheikh, March - June 1899;
- XI: Turkish attempts to exercise soverign rights on Koweit, by appointing harbour master and opening a custom house. A forward Turkish policy advocated. The British Government's protest. July - September 1899;
- XII: Sheikh Mubarak's diffidence in the British and desire of Persian protection. September - October 1899;
- XIII: Appointment of Muhsin [Muḥsin] Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. as Vasli of Basrah. Change of policy inaugurated. Turkish Decoration for Sheikh Mubarak 1899;
- XIV: Visit of the German Railway Commission to Koweit and their scheme to make Katham their Railway's Terminus, January 1900;
- XV: Proposal to make Koweit a Port of call for Mail steamers July 1900 - June 1901;
- XVI: Threatened hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and Amir of Nejd [Najd];
- XVII: Renewal of hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and the Amir of Nejd , December 1900 - May 1901;
- XVIII: (1) Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rasīd] seeks British protection, (2) Sheikh Mubarak asks for assumption of permanent British protectorate over Koweit, May - June 1901;
- XIX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by Amir of Nejd and the Turks, (2) Measures for defence of Koweit, (3) Attempt to settle difference between the Sheikh and Amir amicably, July - October 1901;
- XX: Question of defence of Koweit by sea and land, 1899-1901;
- XXI: Question of discontinuance of the use of the Turkish flag at Koweit, August - September 1901;
- XXII: Attempt to take the Sheikh of Koweit to Constantinople, November and December 1901;
- XXIII: Alarm at Koweit and Landing of British Guns, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXIV: Prohibition of exports to Koweit from Turkish territory and movements of the Amir of Nejd, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXV: Dispute about the Fao [al-Fāw] Estates, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXVI: Occupation of Um Kasr [Umm Qaṣr], Bubyan [Būbīyān] Island and Subbiyah [al-Ṣubīyah] by the Turks, January - March 1902;
- XXVII: Complaints against the proceedings of the British Officer and the Sheikh of Koweit, March 1902;
- XXVIII: Sheikh Mubarak's offers of reconciliation with the Porte, March 1902;
- XXIX: Arrest of agent of Sheikh Mubarak at Basrah and his imprisonment, May - December 1902;
- XXX: Further movements of Ibn Rashid (2) Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal bin Sa‘ūd] in the field again, and captures Riadh [Riyadh], January, November 1902;
- XXXI: (1) Fear of Renewal of hostilities between Ibn Rashid and Sheikh Mubarak, (2) The Sheikh warned not to involved himself in difficulties with Nejd or the Turks, (3) Application of the Sheikh for guns, August - October 1902;
- XXXII: Threatened attack on Koweit from Mubarak's nephews and Sheikh Yusuf-el-Ibrahim. Lapwing case. September 1902 - January 1903;
- XXXIII: Ibn Rashid near Koweit and Sheikh Mubarak's movements, December 1902 - February 1903;
- XXXIV: Fao Estates' dispute, February 1903-04;
- XXXV: Importance of Khor Abdulla [Khawr ‘Abdullāh] as a future Railway terminus, etc. 1904;
- XXXVI: Recent movements of Ibn Rashid, January 1903 - March 1904;
- XXXVII: Montefik Arabs [al-Muntafiq] seek Russian protection, (2) Revolt of Sadun [Sa‘dūn] Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ;
- XXXVIII: Advance of a loan made to Sheikh Mubarak, March - May 1904;
- XXXIX: Opening of a British post office at Koweit, 1901-1904;
- XL: Appointment of British Agent at Koweit. June 1899 - August 1903;
- XLI: (1) Turkish aid to Ibn Rashid, (2) Proposed British protest, (3) Appointment of Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Koweit, April - October 1904.
The Appendices are as follows:
- A: Certain non-official reports about Koweit;
- B: Genealogical Table of Koweit chiefs;
- C: Note by Sir William Leo-Warner, dated 23 June 1898;
- D: Agreement with Sheikh Mubarak, January 1899;
- E: Communciation in Constantinople in regard to the proposal to make Koweit terminus of the Baghdad Railway, April 1900;
- F: Proposal made by Sir N O'Connor to advise Sheikh Mubarak to keep quiet, February 1901;
- G: (1) Correspondence in Europe regarding the proposed assumption of protectorate over Koweit, (2) misunderstanding between the Government of India and His Majesty's Government as regards the former's attitude in the matter, May - June 1901;
- H: Communication in London and Constantinople on Koweit affairs, August - September 1901;
- I: Communications in Europe about Turkish occupation of Um Kasr, etc. March 1902;
- J: Notes underlying letter to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , No. 2918.E.A., dated 7 September 1904.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (64 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged divided into forty one (identified by Roman numerals), which are followed by ten appendices (lettered A to J). There are paragraph numbers that are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first section, and ending on 351 in the final section. A contents page and list of appendices are at the front of the volume (folios 5-6).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
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- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C239
- Title
- 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Koweit Affairs, 1896-1904'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:51r, 52r:53v, 54v:63v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence