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'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Koweit Affairs, 1896-1904' [11r] (21/128)
The record is made up of 1 volume (64 folios). It was created in 1904. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
21-B.—The views of the
India Office
The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors.
are expressed in the following extract
c . t n -non* xt o of Sir A. Godley's letter dated 12th Peb-
Secret I., April 1897, No. 8.
ruary 1897:—
Lord George Hamilton desires me to add that he cononrs in these views as to Bahrein
and Katar, and considers that Turkish intervention even on the pretext of Sanitary precaution,
should not be permitted eithpr on the Katar coast or at Bahrein. But the Viceroy's telegram
apparently excludes Katif also from Turkish control, whereas it would seem that Katif is a
part of the Hasa province within the dominions of the Ottoman Porte as specified in the
Foreign Office telpgram to Sir W. White, dated the 29th August 1888. As regards Koweit,
Sir Philip Curriers lettpr No, 972, dated the 24tli November 1896, as well as the memorandum
by Mr. Atavrides. date! the 80th June 1896, hardly support the Turkish claim to a protec
torate over Koweit, and Lord George Hamiltou is therefore to this extent unable to acquiesce
iu the view put forward in the Viceroys telegram/''
21-C.—What action was taken upon this it is not clear. The fact was
that the Turkish Government established a Quarantine Station at Koweit.
IV.— (1) Haripasa Piracy case- (2) Warning to Sheikh of Koweit (3)
Status of Sheikh ot Koweit. (4) Question of Protectorate over Koweit
raised—1895-1896.
22. In 1895-1896 reports were received of several piracies on the Shatt-
. „ „ „ 00 „ al-Arab. Among these the most serious
External A, May 1896, Nos. 217—233. •, ,1 . . n r
was one committed against a ship, called
Earipasct, belonging to a subject of the Jamnagar State. If was on its way
to Basrah to bring dates and was attacked and robbed on 22nd August 1895
by some 30 pirates near Eao. The pirates killed four members of the crew and
wounded four of them, and also carried away about Rs. 3,400 in cash.
23. The difficulty was on whom the blame should be fixed. It was
supposed that both Persian and Turkish
Secret, e , Apni 1897, Nos. 3 ■ . subjects combined in these piracies.
There was little doubt that the Sheikh of Koweit knew well who the culprits
were. Almost all the land in the vicinity of t ao, was as the British Consul at
Basrah Captain (Whyte) reported, owned by the Sheikh of Koweit and his
Mukhtar had 5 Sons living at Gusba, a village on the Persian bank opposite Fao,
where many of the pirates lived. The British Consul also thought that the
Sheikh of Mohammerah was also equally informed. He therefore proposed
Letter No. 623, dated 20th October 1896. that both the Governments, Persian and
No. 62 of Proceedings cited. Turkish, should be asked to call upon
these Sheikhs to produce the pirates and in the event of their failure to comply, to
recover from them in equal shares the amount of indemnity which Government
might decide to demand. Another proposal was made by the Consul-General, Bagh
dad (Mr. Mocl.ler) that both the Persian and Turkish Governments should be
called upon to appoint a joint Commission to investigate into the case of the piracy.
A third proposal was to make the Sheikh of Koweit alone responsible, as the
culprits were mainly traced to his territory or lands. The difficulty, however, was
whether, the British Government could deal with him directly, since it was sup
posed that the Sheikh aknowledged the Porte as his Suzerain. On the other
hand there was reason to believe that the
No. 60 of Secret b, Apni 1897, Nos. 35-3. Sheikh was in reality an independent
potentate and only nominally subject to the Sultan, and Sir Philip Currie
thought for this reason and for other reasons it would be impractical to call
upon the Turkish Government to make the Sheikh of Koweit produce the
pirates.
24. The Government of India in their despatch to the Secretary of State,
No. 27, dated 2Jith Pebruary 1897, expressed therefore the following opinion :—
« It appears to us that there might be advantage in fixing upon the Tur
kish Government the responsibility for
K „.66 „f Secret E .ApnU897, No... S6 -73. ^ glieikh of KoH , eit ' s actions. A state of
affairs in which he can shelter himself under a nominal subjection to the Porte,
while the Porte can disclaim at will any respcnsibility is in the last degree un
satisfactory."
About this item
- Content
The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Kuwait (spelt Koweit throughout) affairs for the years 1896-1904. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.
The volume includes a preface (folio 4), list of contents (folio 5) and list of appendices (folio 6). The sections listed in the contents run as follows:
- I: Brief History of Koweit from circa 1716 to 1896 A.D.;
- II: Murder of Mahomed bin Subah [Muḥammad bin Ṣabāḥ] and his brother Jarrah [Jarrāḥ bin Ṣabāḥ] by Mubarak [Mubārak] and Mubarak’s succession, 1896;
- III: (1) Proposed Turkish Quarantine at Koweit, (2) views of the Government of India and India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ;
- IV: Haripasa Piracy case. Warning to Sheikh of Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit raised - 1895-1896;
- V: Threatened attack of Sheikhs Jasim bin Thani [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī] and Yusuf bin Ibrahim [Yūsuf bin Ibrāhīm] on Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit discussed 1897-98;
- VI: (1) Movements of Turkish troops towards Koweit, (2) Russian intrigues, (3) Question of Protectorate over Koweit further discussed;
- VII: Proposed British Protectorate over Koweit. Agreement with the Sheikh of Koweit, December 1898 - May 1899;
- VIII: Porte's complaints against British proceedings at Koweit as infrigement of quarantine regulations, May 1899;
- IX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by the Turks, (2) Defence of Koweit, February - March 1899;
- X: (1) Question of status of the Sheikh of Koweit, (2) Turkish activity in the neighbourhood, (3) Imposition of customs duty by Sheikh, March - June 1899;
- XI: Turkish attempts to exercise soverign rights on Koweit, by appointing harbour master and opening a custom house. A forward Turkish policy advocated. The British Government's protest. July - September 1899;
- XII: Sheikh Mubarak's diffidence in the British and desire of Persian protection. September - October 1899;
- XIII: Appointment of Muhsin [Muḥsin] Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. as Vasli of Basrah. Change of policy inaugurated. Turkish Decoration for Sheikh Mubarak 1899;
- XIV: Visit of the German Railway Commission to Koweit and their scheme to make Katham their Railway's Terminus, January 1900;
- XV: Proposal to make Koweit a Port of call for Mail steamers July 1900 - June 1901;
- XVI: Threatened hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and Amir of Nejd [Najd];
- XVII: Renewal of hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and the Amir of Nejd , December 1900 - May 1901;
- XVIII: (1) Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rasīd] seeks British protection, (2) Sheikh Mubarak asks for assumption of permanent British protectorate over Koweit, May - June 1901;
- XIX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by Amir of Nejd and the Turks, (2) Measures for defence of Koweit, (3) Attempt to settle difference between the Sheikh and Amir amicably, July - October 1901;
- XX: Question of defence of Koweit by sea and land, 1899-1901;
- XXI: Question of discontinuance of the use of the Turkish flag at Koweit, August - September 1901;
- XXII: Attempt to take the Sheikh of Koweit to Constantinople, November and December 1901;
- XXIII: Alarm at Koweit and Landing of British Guns, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXIV: Prohibition of exports to Koweit from Turkish territory and movements of the Amir of Nejd, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXV: Dispute about the Fao [al-Fāw] Estates, December 1901 - January 1902;
- XXVI: Occupation of Um Kasr [Umm Qaṣr], Bubyan [Būbīyān] Island and Subbiyah [al-Ṣubīyah] by the Turks, January - March 1902;
- XXVII: Complaints against the proceedings of the British Officer and the Sheikh of Koweit, March 1902;
- XXVIII: Sheikh Mubarak's offers of reconciliation with the Porte, March 1902;
- XXIX: Arrest of agent of Sheikh Mubarak at Basrah and his imprisonment, May - December 1902;
- XXX: Further movements of Ibn Rashid (2) Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal bin Sa‘ūd] in the field again, and captures Riadh [Riyadh], January, November 1902;
- XXXI: (1) Fear of Renewal of hostilities between Ibn Rashid and Sheikh Mubarak, (2) The Sheikh warned not to involved himself in difficulties with Nejd or the Turks, (3) Application of the Sheikh for guns, August - October 1902;
- XXXII: Threatened attack on Koweit from Mubarak's nephews and Sheikh Yusuf-el-Ibrahim. Lapwing case. September 1902 - January 1903;
- XXXIII: Ibn Rashid near Koweit and Sheikh Mubarak's movements, December 1902 - February 1903;
- XXXIV: Fao Estates' dispute, February 1903-04;
- XXXV: Importance of Khor Abdulla [Khawr ‘Abdullāh] as a future Railway terminus, etc. 1904;
- XXXVI: Recent movements of Ibn Rashid, January 1903 - March 1904;
- XXXVII: Montefik Arabs [al-Muntafiq] seek Russian protection, (2) Revolt of Sadun [Sa‘dūn] Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ;
- XXXVIII: Advance of a loan made to Sheikh Mubarak, March - May 1904;
- XXXIX: Opening of a British post office at Koweit, 1901-1904;
- XL: Appointment of British Agent at Koweit. June 1899 - August 1903;
- XLI: (1) Turkish aid to Ibn Rashid, (2) Proposed British protest, (3) Appointment of Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Koweit, April - October 1904.
The Appendices are as follows:
- A: Certain non-official reports about Koweit;
- B: Genealogical Table of Koweit chiefs;
- C: Note by Sir William Leo-Warner, dated 23 June 1898;
- D: Agreement with Sheikh Mubarak, January 1899;
- E: Communciation in Constantinople in regard to the proposal to make Koweit terminus of the Baghdad Railway, April 1900;
- F: Proposal made by Sir N O'Connor to advise Sheikh Mubarak to keep quiet, February 1901;
- G: (1) Correspondence in Europe regarding the proposed assumption of protectorate over Koweit, (2) misunderstanding between the Government of India and His Majesty's Government as regards the former's attitude in the matter, May - June 1901;
- H: Communication in London and Constantinople on Koweit affairs, August - September 1901;
- I: Communications in Europe about Turkish occupation of Um Kasr, etc. March 1902;
- J: Notes underlying letter to the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , No. 2918.E.A., dated 7 September 1904.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (64 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged divided into forty one (identified by Roman numerals), which are followed by ten appendices (lettered A to J). There are paragraph numbers that are continuous throughout the whole volume, beginning on 1 at the start of the first section, and ending on 351 in the final section. A contents page and list of appendices are at the front of the volume (folios 5-6).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C239
- Title
- 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Koweit Affairs, 1896-1904'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:51r, 52r:53v, 54v:63v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence