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'File 61/14 VII (D 51) Relations between Nejd and Iraq' [165v] (347/416)
The record is made up of 1 volume (205 folios). It was created in 20 Jul 1928-31 Dec 1928. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
was also authorised to inform King Ibn Sand that it was the present intention of the
Iraq Government to retain three advanced posts only apart from such posts as might
be required for the protection of the trans-desert route and of a pipe-line, if and
when constructed, and apart also from posts so remote from the frontier as clearly
to be of no interest to His Majesty.
11. Sir Gilbert Clayton was, furthermore, instructed to repeat to King [bn
Sand the assurance of His Britannic Majesty's Government and of the Iraq Govern
ment that these advanced posts were not designed for offensive purposes, and that
Nejdi tribes would suffer no interference with customary rights of watering, grazing
and peaceful movement at any of the points where advanced posts might be
established. He was to add that the two Governments realised that friendly
co-operation with His Majesty was a necessary condition of the satisfactory
administration of the tribal areas and the maintenance of peace in the desert, and
that to this end they again suggested, for his serious consideration, the appointment
of frontier representatives on each side of the border who could confer together in
the case of raids or other frontier incidents, and could apprise each other, as also
their own Governments, of any occurrence likely to disturb the tribes and thus the
peace of the border. He was further to state that in order that King Ibn Saud
might be in a position to satisfy himself that any advanced post maintained by the
Iraq Government was not being used for offensive purposes, and that there was
no interference with any Nejdi tribes in their legitimate pursuits, the Iraq Govern
ment would welcome periodical visits to these posts by his frontier representative.
Sir Gilbert Clayton was also instructed to endeavour once more to persuade His
Majesty to adopt the proposal put forward in May that the disputed words "in
the vicinity of the border " used in article 3 of the Uqair Protocol should be accepted
as meaning within 25 miles of the frontier, except in the vicinity of the trans-desert
route and contemplated pipe-line, in which region, it was understood. His Majesty
felt no objection in principle to the construction of protective posts. In addition.
Sir Gilbert Clayton was authorised to inform His Majesty that, subject to a
satisfactory agreement being reached in the matter of the advanced posts, the Iraq
Government were prepared to conclude arrangements with King Ibn Saud in regard
to hon voisinage, extradition, the surrender of tribal offenders, the exchange of
diplomatic representatives, &c., on the lines discussed with his Majesty's advisers
on the occasion of Sir Gilbert Clayton's earlier mission, and in terms which were
understood to be acceptable to His Majesty.
12. During the conversations of May, King Ibn Saud had enquired whether
His Majesty's Government regarded the provisions of article 6 of the Bahra Agree
ment, which stipulates that " the forces of Iraq and Nejd may not cross the common
frontier in pursuit of offenders except with the consent of both Governments," as
applying to British as well as Iraqi forces. Sir Gilbert Clayton was instructed to
assure His Majesty that His Britannic Majesty's Government fully intended to
observe the stipulations of this article, and that British forces would not cross the
common frontier in pursuit of offenders. In the case, however, of an organised
attack on a township or post—as opposed to a mere tribal raid—or in the event of a
series of raids with which His Majesty had proved himself unable or unwilling to
deal, His Britannic Majesty's Government must reserve to themselves the right to
take such action as they thought fit. Sir Gilbert Clayton was directed, when com
municating this assurance to King Ibn Saud, to invite His Majesty to explain the
meaning which he himself attached to the term '' forces '' in article 6 when applied
to the forces of Nejd. It was felt desirable that, in order to avoid the possibility
either of genuine misunderstanding or of equivocation, an acceptable definition of
what must be held to constitute the " forces " of Nejd should be obtained from King
Ibn Saud, since it was understood that for military operations he had hitherto relied
almost exclusively upon tribal elements of the nature of those which had recently
carried out a number of raids against Iraq.
13. As you know, Sir Gilbert Clayton returned to Jeddah to conclude his
interrupted conversations with King Ibn Saud at the end of July, and he at once
communicated to His Majesty the decision of His Britannic Majesty's Government
in the matter of the advanced posts and the various assurances and explanations set
out in the preceding paragraphs of this despatch. In doing so, he emphasised the
close attention which the matter had received, and the full consideration which had
been given to His Majesty's views and arguments, and explained that, although
unable to give way on the main principle involved, His Britannic Majesty's Govern
ment and the Iraq Government were prepared to go to great lengths to meet the
Government of the Hejaz and Nejd in various other questions to which His Majesty
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and reports relating to affairs between the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Najd. The majority of the correspondence is between Leo Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Austen Chamberlain, Foreign Secretary (both in London), Henry Dobbs, High Commissioner in Iraq, Lionel Haworth, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Cyril Barrett, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, James More, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, King of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, John Glubb, Administrative Inspector in Iraq, Gerald De Gaury, Special Service Officer in Kuwait, and the Government of India.
The volume covers the period of unrest after a revolt by the Ikhwan during which there was a perceived threat of attacks against Iraq and Kuwait. The causes of and solutions to the crisis are suggested and debated amongst the different offices and departments of the British Government. Subjects raised are:
- intelligence of tribal movements and activities, particularly those of the Ikhwan tribes of Mutair, 'Ajman, and 'Utaibah, and the threat and occurrence of cross-border raids, all gathered from reports by John Glubb, as well as local rumour and reports;
- issues concerning the defence of Kuwait (naval protection, air reconnaissance and bombing, a land force);
- the friction between civil and military authorities;
- the second meeting (August 1929) between Gilbert Clayton and Ibn Sa'ud to try and reach an agreement;
- the thoughts, motivations, and capabilities of Ibn Sa'ud;
- a second meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Ikhwan leaders in Riyadh to try and resolve the crisis;
- the idea of a blockade of Hasa ports to force the Najdi tribes into submission.
Other subjects included are:
- the sale of arms to Kuwait;
- Sa'id al-'Aiyash, a Damascus journalist who plans to travel to Riyadh.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (205 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged chronologically.
- Physical characteristics
This volume comes in two parts: the first part is a bound volume; the second part is a small file.
Foliation: The sequence starts on the volume's title page and continues through to the inside back cover. It resumes on the front cover of the file and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and positioned in the top right corner of each folio. There are the following anomalies: 1A-1C; 114A; 182A-182D; and 191A. There is a second, incomplete sequence that is also written in pencil in the same place, but is uncircled.
Condition: folio 150 bottom right corner torn away, obscuring some text.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/583
- Title
- 'File 61/14 VII (D 51) Relations between Nejd and Iraq'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:i-v, 1r:1v, 1ar:1cv, 2r:11v, 12v:113v, 114ar:114bv, 115r:182v, 182ar:182dv, 184r, 185r:191v, 191ar:191av, 192r:195v, 184v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence