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'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. IV. 1917' [228r] (460/530)
The record is made up of 1 volume (263 folios). It was created in 1917. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
UEMIA—USHNU 451
Kussian frontier. Their occupation was accompanied by Kurdish
raids. In 1911, Anglo-Eussian pressure obliged them to withdraw,
and a Eussian force occupied the district to maintain order. The
town and district and the Christian population suffered much during
the war, and many villages were destroyed. In October 1914
there was an attack on Urmia by Kurds instigated by the Turks.
In November the Eussians expelled the Kurds and other Sunnisfrom
villages in the neighbourhood, and their places were taken by
Christians expelled from their homes by the Turks. The Eussians
evacuated Urmia in January 1915, and the Turks and Kurds
massacred or expelled the Christians of the neighbourhood. The
Christian population of the Urmia and Salmas districts was estimated
before the war at 16,000-17,000 Armenians and 30,000 Syrians
(Nestorian, Orthodox, or Chaldaean), but these were largely reduced
by massacre and disease, while many fled northward from Urmia
when the Turks were threatening it. There has been, on the other
hand, an influx of Armenian refugees, and of Nestorians, especially
from the Hakkiari country into Salmas ; among these the mortality
has been very high. The Eussians reoccupied Urmia in May 1915.
USHNU. In Persia (Azarbaijan), at the foot of the hills to the
SW. of Lake Urmia. Alt. 4,619 ft. Pop. about 200 families.
Routes. —
(i) To Urmia. (See Route 60 c.)
(ii) To Chianeh.. (See Route 60 c.)
(iii) To Rowanduz. (See Boute 61 c.)
(iv) To Suldnz and Suj Bulaq.
General Description. —Ushnu is situated at the NW. extremity of
the plain of Ushnu, a small district of irregular shape having the
appearance of an old lake-bed, and watered by the Gadar Chai and
many mountain-streams. The town stands on the lower slopes of
the mountains surrounding the plain. The plain is fertile, and has
extensive orchards.
Inhabitants. —There are some forty villages in the neighbourhood
of Ushnu. The inhabitants are Zera and other Kurds. The Zeras
are fine active men, and are perhaps the most warlike of the clans in
this part of Persia. They have in the past been impatient under
the governance of the Afshar, from whom they differ in language,
customs, and religion,
p f 2
About this item
- Content
This volume is A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume IV, Northern Mesopotamia and Central Kurdistan (Admiralty War Staff Intelligence Division, April, 1917), covering Mesopotamia north of the line joining Rowanduz, Mosul, Meskeneh [Maskanah], and Aleppo, up to Van, Bitlis, Diarbekr, and Mar‘ash. The volume was prepared on behalf of the Admiralty and War Office, and appears to be based on official and unofficial publications and maps which are cited in a bibliographical section in the volume.
The volume includes a note on confidentiality, a title page, 'Note', and 'Abbreviations'. There is a page of contents which includes the following sections:
- Introduction;
- Itineraries;
- River Routes (The Tigris, The Euphrates);
- Land Routes (Central Kurdistan, Routes between Mosul and Diarbekr, Routes between the Plain of Diarbekr and the Moutains to North and West, Routes between the line Diarbekr-Mardīn and the Euphrates, Interior of Norther Jezīreh, West of the Jaghjagha Su, The Euphrates Valley and Country West thereof, Across the Taurus between the Euphrates and Mar‘ash, and Aleppo-Mar‘ash);
- Railways (Aleppo-Ras el-‘Ain-Tel Ermen);
- Gazetteer of Towns;
- Bibliographical Note;
- Transliteration of Names;
- Glossary;
- Index;
- Plates;
- 'Sketch Map of Routes'.
The volume contains 15 plates, which illustrate the content of the various chapters, and 1 map entitled 'Mesopotamia: Outline Map Showing Routes'.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (263 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is arranged by numbered routes. There are pages of contents, an index, and a list of plates. There is one map house in a pocket.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio (except for the front cover, where the folio number is located on the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. ).
Pagination: The volume also has an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/6
- Title
- 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. IV. 1917'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:262v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence