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'File 61/14 IV (D 48) Nejd and 'Iraq, relations between' [‎208v] (433/520)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (257 folios). It was created in 3 Feb 1928-5 Mar 1928. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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2
I
The 'Iraq Government as well as the officials in 'Iraq stated that they i; } #^
intend to punish the Dawish within our country. They have no rule or law
that gives such right to them within our country.
They ventured to break the written treaties while Dawish and his follow
ers live in a special zone in our country which is wellknown. What is the
fault of the Shammar, Anazah and Harb tribes, who are living in the north-
west of our country, that the aeroplanes visit them in the early morning every
day and maltreat them ? Why were these visits not paid to the Dawish when
he was in 'Iraq land for many days doing just as he liked while the British
forces looked at him but not a single bullet was fired against him ? We can
only explain the recent action of the officials in 'Iraq as an aggression by which
it is intended that hurt should be done to Nejd and new troubles created.
After the action of the aeroplanes and the despising of the Treaties
between us, all the Nejd people have become like Dawish in his opinion, % j
vehemence and venture. They do not now respect the undertakings with
'Iraq for the reason that from the Muhammarah Treaty up till now six articles
have been deliberately broken, for which please refer to the following:—
1. The second paragraph of the first article of the Muhammarah
Treaty.
2. Article III of Uqair Protocol.
3. Article I of Bahrah Treaty.
4. Article V of Bahrah Treaty.
5. Article IV of Bahrah Treaty and
6. Article VI of Bahrah Treaty.
When a reference is made to these articles of agreement and compared
with the actions of the 'Iraq Government towards Nejd, it will be seen that
these articles were deliberately infringed by certain incidents against which
we protested to the British Government (against them all) and did not get
any result from any of our protest, and the 'Iraq Government did not carry
out one of these articles, nor stopped doing what (the agreements)
prohibited. The belief that existed in Nejd and still exists is that the
Government that permitted for its ownself the breach of six undertakings will
be able to add to them some other articles and will go against them and will
accept the Dawish and his followers, if we were to punish them at the
present time for their sake and will not hesitate to breach their under
taking.
We were angry at the Dawish's action and disapproved it, and we gave
him partial punishment and promised to give him complete punishment on
a condition to which were added two other ones. We made matters quiet at
the frontier and awaited the discussion about the undertakings that were
broken for putting an end to everything, but the action of the 'Iraq Govern
ment destroyed (all the hopes) what we had built and we had no excuse to
put before our nation and people and nothing remained for us to say to them.
Thus they came to such condition and state that we can hardly estimate the
result, after they have seen that their agreements are broken and that their 1
country is despised, in addition to which humanity suffered at the hands of
civilised men, while we notice with an eye of regret and broken heart what
destiny brings.
We can see no arrangement for the present situation which may settle
it but a prudent one that the Central British Government may take to enquire
about the person responsible who caused these actions in 'Iraq and to put the
responsibility on him and will from their side restore the confidence of the
people so that the undertakings may have a value and respect. Then they
should take such action as may restore the old confidence between the two
countries.
We, in spite of all that happened, still do our best to quieten the agitated
state, as we, till the last hour, believe that the British Government which has
been our friend for a long time will not agree that the relations between
Nejd and Britain should be threatened by some self-interested agitators,
whose interests are against the treaties.

About this item

Content

The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. Most of the correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire, Henry Dobbs, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, Ibn Sa'ud, the King of the Hejaz and Najd, Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, James More, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain, Edward Ellington, the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, and the Government of India.

The majority of the volume covers the British response to the crisis following the Ikhwan rebellion and the threat of attack on Kuwaiti and Iraqi territory. The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. The documents reflect the differences in opinion and policy between the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial Office, the Political Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. in Bushire, and the Government of India; Iraq taking a more warlike approach towards Ibn Sa'ud, while the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. is more cautious and conciliatory.

Matters covered by the documents include:

  • the military response to the crisis, including the sending of ships HMS Emerald , Crocus , and Lupin to Kuwait, and air operations in Iraq, Kuwait, and Najd, including a bombing raid on Safah;
  • Ibn Sa'ud's complaints about bombing raids on his territory as breaches of the treaties and agreements the British are bound by;
  • the posting of an Intelligence Officer in Kuwait;
  • the protection of Americans and other Europeans in the area;
  • King Faisal of Iraq's proposal of counter raids against the Ikhwan;
  • the expulsion of Hindu merchants from Qatif and the possible religious reasons for it.
Extent and format
1 volume (257 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged chronologically.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the sequence begins on the first folio and ends on the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A and 1B; 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 61/14 IV (D 48) Nejd and 'Iraq, relations between' [‎208v] (433/520), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/580, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023518498.0x000022> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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