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'P G India Office Memorandum No B.437, P.Z.5620/1934, Historical Memorandum on the Relations of the Wahabi Amirs and Ibn Saud with Eastern Arabia and the British Government, 1800-1934' [‎7v] (25/82)

The record is made up of 1 volume (37 folios). It was created in 26 Sep 1934. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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8
38. In 1834 Turki was murdered. He was succeeded by his son, Feisal bin
Turki In 1837 Mehemet Ali sent an expedition into Nejd to reduce the Wahabi
Amir and replace him by the pretender Kbalid. After two years of fighting, the
Egyptians accomplished their object in 1839. The Wahabi Amir surrendered m
Lor I 1097 1838, and was sent a prisoner to Egypt. In 1840 the Egyptians again withdrew
from Hasa, leaving the puppet Amir Khalid as its tributary Governor.
39. The principal events in the relations between the Wahabi Amirs and H.M.
Government and the rulers of Eastern Arabia during this period are described
below.
Wahabi Relations with Muscat, 1824-1840.
40. Between 1824 and 1830 the Sultan of Muscat was principally busied with
unsuccessful endeavours to reduce the bheikhs of Bahrein. In 1^29 he suffered a
severe defeat at the hands of the Bahreinis and made peace with them. In 1831,
Lor. 1,1096. in the hope of forwarding his designs in Bahrein, he sent an embassy with
presents to the Wahabi Amir.
41. In 1833 the Sultan, with the encouragement of the Government of India,
made a general agreement with the ahabis, by which lie undeitook to pay a
Lor. I, 456. zakat of 5,000 dollars a year. A condition of the agreement was that each should
hold possession of his coast according to the limits then exibting , the A111scat coast
extending to Jaalan, and the coast of the Amir to Qatii. Recipiocal assistance was
also promised in putting down rebellion. There is nothing to show for how long
the tribute continued to be paid.
42. No other events of importance affecting Muscat took place until 1839. In
face of the Egyptian invasion and the threat which is constituted to Eastern Arabia,
the Sultan of Muscat, with a view to promoting his designs in Bahrein, which he had
never abandoned, was then at first disposed to co-operate with the Egyptians, but
Lor I 457 on becoming aware of the hostility to Egyptian advance of the British Government,
he associated himself with the views of the latter and refused a demand for
assistance made upon him by the Egyptian Commander in Nejd.
Wahabi Relations with Trucial Oman A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. , 1824-1840.
Wahahi Overtures, 1824.
43. Immediately on the revival of the Wahabi power in 1824, the Wahabi Amir
opened correspondence with all the Sheikhs of the coast, inviting them to renew
the relations which had existed prior to the overthrow of the Wahabis by Ibrahim
Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. . The Jowasimi Sheikh of Shargah appears forthwith to have opened
B 0 Sel negotiations with the Wahabis. " This measure he did not attempt to conceal, but
XXIY, 316- assigned self-preservation as his only motive for adopting it." Matters do not,
9, 487. however, appear to have proceeded far, and in November 1825 the Sheikh enquired
Lor. I, 687. 0 f the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. whether Great Britain would help him to maintain his
Nejd Precis, independence against the Wahabis. He was informed in reply (see paragraph 52
§ 35. below) that he was the best judge of his own interests, but that no connection or
authority would be accepted in excuse of predatory proceedings, while action
against Muscat would be considered unfriendly by H.M. Government.
Disputes hetween Muscat, Abu Dhabi, and Shargah over Baraimi, 1824-1826.
44. It may be recorded that in 1824-25 considerable difficulties arose locally
between the Sultan of Muscat, the Sheikh of Shargah and the Sheikh of Abu
Dhabi, over the occupation of the towers of Baraimi, which had apparently been
re-occupied by the Trucial Sheikhs on or shortly after the downfall of the Wahabis
in 1815.' :i: " By a solemn treaty the towers in question had previously been declared
Bo. Sel. neutral, and on their occupation by Shargah the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, whether in
XXIV, 317- concert with or independently of the Sultan of Muscat is not clear, had taken up the
319 ; 465. ma tter. In December 1824 a reconciliation was negotiated by the Resident, under
which the Sheikh of Shargah was to destroy the towers, the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi
* It should, however, be noted that Lorimer (I, 450) records a successful raid " at some time,
apparently, between 1821 and 1828 . . . bj Saad bin Mutlaq, Wahabi, from Baraimi on the Hajriyin
tribe " to avenge their slaying of his father Syed bin Mutlaq (paragraph 19 above).

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Content

The memorandum traces the first development of the Wahabi [Wahhabi] sect, 1745-1800; the first expansion of the Wahabis in eastern Arabia to the fall of Baraimi and the Turkish occupation of Hasa, 1800-71; the period from the Turkish conquest of Hasa to the capture of Riyadh by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd)], 1870-1901; the period from the capture of Riyadh by Ibn Saud to the outbreak of World War One, 1901-14; and the period from the outbreak of World War One to the opening of the Blue Line discussions, 1914-34; and also contains a conclusion and appendices.

Extent and format
1 volume (37 folios)
Arrangement

There is an index at the front of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 36 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 2, 2A, 2B, 2C. The following folio needs to be folded out: f. 31. An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the volume.

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English in Latin script
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'P G India Office Memorandum No B.437, P.Z.5620/1934, Historical Memorandum on the Relations of the Wahabi Amirs and Ibn Saud with Eastern Arabia and the British Government, 1800-1934' [‎7v] (25/82), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/745, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023518551.0x00001a> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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