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'File 19/165 IV (C 57) Bahrain Reforms' [‎101r] (232/476)

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The record is made up of 1 file (219 folios). It was created in 12 Feb 1927-30 Apr 1930. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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Page 2.
and pacific means, through an increase of influence with the
Shaikh M and in this year the Shaikh ( Isa ) ceded jurisdiction
over foreigners. In 1912 the Shaikh successfully defied the
Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. over the question of the lidding Company, which had in
volved British subjects in losses of over 50,000/- and insisted
on corresponding the Turkish Wali in Basra in defiance of his
treaty provisions. Punishment "by mutilation was again resorted
to, and in 1913 a fight of Basrawis occurred.
5. In the war years the situation remained thoroughly bad,
but Government were preoccupied elsewhere, and as the Shaikh's
attitude was loyal, nothing was done. Also,as in the year 1916
there were no less than five separate Political Agents, one a
clerk and another an invalid,it is not surprising the al Khalifa
got out of hand. In 1919 Shaikh Abdullah returned from present
ing his four points to the Secretary of State, returning f demorj
i
alised by his vist to Paris and its debaucheries * and a reign
of terrorism and oppression for Bahama comiuences. Hamad is the
ostensible agenfof his father but Abdullah becomes the real forc<
Reforms are considered but the Old Shaiish, Aodullah and the
'Q^ueen 1 block everything. The * Q.ueen'holds courts, punishes at
will and banks or buries 500/- of State funds perdiem. List of
22 crimes committed by Abdullah sent to Govt.
6. Events now move quickly. The first Sitrah outrage.
Town fired on nightly. Policeman murdered behind Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. on
1/2/22. Govt, not prepared to act 1 until they are satisfied
all local resouces are exhausted * . Demonstration of Eaharna,
Isa gets cold feet, Abdullah frightened and retires. In July 22
Foreign Office point out that persecution of Shiahs will have
unfavourable repercussion on Persia. Bin Saud's agent gives
trouble. As result of Govt views, P.R. drops idea of reforms.
v ^ "
Attack on Barbar. Isa continues th thwart Kamad at every turn.
Govt, determine to take action. Col Knox considers ( No. 421
of 9/5/23 ) action premature and unnecessary. Next day, Nejdi-
Persian riots take place, followed by attack of Dowasir in day
light on ♦Ali. Shaikh Isa deposed. Dowasir lightly dealt

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Content

The file contains material regarding a number of topics including the status of Bahrain following the social and economic reforms that were implemented by the British during the preceding years, the geo-strategic rationale behind Britain's interest in maintaining its dominant position in the country, a detailed discussion of the historical development of Britain's relationship with Bahrain (and the history of Al Khalifa rule) and discussion concerning fears that a too dominant British role would provoke Arab fears and push them towards a closer relationship with Bin Saud.

A number of other topics are discussed in less detail including ideas for reforming the police force in Bahrain and an idea for the establishment of a civil court in the country.

Extent and format
1 file (219 folios)
Arrangement

File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.

Physical characteristics

A bound correspondence file. The file is foliated with uncircled numbers in the top right-hand corner of each front-facing page.

Original numeration 1/123 then continued. Precedent foliations have been crossed out. Original numeration by folio started on first page of text top right hand number until folio 123, then by page 124/140. A third numeration by page starts towards the end of the volume.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 19/165 IV (C 57) Bahrain Reforms' [‎101r] (232/476), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/340, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023555763.0x000021> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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