'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915' [‎1069] (1224/1782)

1069
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large concourses of people, from Yaman and Persia. They were them
selves exact in performance of the pilgrimage to Makkah, which was
frequently made by Sa'ud himself, and they had apparently no conscien
tious scruples even against pilgrimages to Mad inah ; but the irreverent
and licentious conduct of many of the pilgrims was repugnant to their
feelings, and they had doubtless strong objections to the intervention of
the "heretical" Turkish Government. In 1802 the Hajj from
Damascus had difficulty in carrying out the pilgrimage to Makkah, andin
1803* it was obliged to turn back before even reaching Madinah ; the
Egyptian and Persian Hajjs also came to an end in 1802 or 1 803 ; and in
the latter year the Cairo Mahmal, sent by sea from Egypt, was not suffered
to proceed beyond Jiddah where it was landed. In _1810, however, an
organised Hajj from Morocco and Northern Africa was permitted by Sa'ud
to visit Makkah in consideration of the religious character and propriety
of the Maghrabiyin. The performance of the pilgrimage by individuals
who professed acceptance of Wahhabi tenets and comported themselves
with decency was never, apparently, either prevented or hindered by the
Wahhabi authorities in Hijaz.
In 1804 Muhammad 'Alif was appointed Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Egypt, chiefly in
order that he might recover Hijaz for the Sultan of Turkey. In the
same year 400 or 500 troops under Sharif Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. had been sent to Jiddah,
of which place their commandant was appointed governor by the
Porte; but Sharif Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. died at Jiddah, and the position remained
* From Corancez Histoire des Wahabis, 1806 (not 1803), would seem to be the year
in which the caravan was repulsed.
t Muhammad 'Ali Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. was an Albanian soldier of fortune and a self-made man.
Ibrahim Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , who is generally regarded as Muhammad 'Ali's eldest son, but
according to some historians was only a step-son, entered soon after the conclusion of his
campaign in Najd on a military career in Europe ; and in 1848 he was regent of Egypt
for only two months, predeceasing his father for whom he acted, 'Abbas II, the
present Khedive of Egypt, is Ibrahim's great-grandson in the male line.
Tusfm, who was Muhammad Ali's third (or second) son, died of plague at Rosetta
in 1816, less than a year after his return from Najd. 'Abbas I, who ruled Egypt from
1848 to 1854, was his son; but in the character of that miserable voluptuary and
bigoted Muslim we fail to trace a single lineament of the soldierly Tusun.
From the appointment of Muhammad 'Ali until 1841 Egypt was practically indepen
dent of the Porte and was actually stronger, both on land and sea, than the rest of the
empire to which it nominally belonged. It is therefore necessary to emphasize the fact
that the Central Arabian campaigns and occupations of 1815-18 and 1835-41 were
Egyptian, not Turkish. At the same time it mu§t be borne in mind that the so-called
Egyptian forces included a large proportion of Albanians, Libyan Bedoui ns, etc., and
doubtiens, a number of genuine Turkt.
Preparations
by the Vic«-
roy of Egypt
for the reco
very of the
H oly Cities,
1804-10.
.1 t