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'MEMORANDUM RESPECTING THE NAVIGATION OF THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES.' [‎9v] (19/284)

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The record is made up of 1 file (42 folios). It was created in 24 Apr 1913. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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4
Garden and his successors in the agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. as
British consul at Bussorah; he was to take
" cognisance of all affairs concerning those of
the nation to which he belongs, such as captains
of ships, merchants, and also all who may he
under the protection of the English flag
Without his express written order no English
vessel shall be permitted to come to Bussorah.
About this time an arrangement was made by Malet, p. 47.
the agent in council at Bussorah that a resident
should reside at Bagdad ; this was approved by
the Bombay Government on the 15tli January,
1766, and Mr. James Morley was appointed to
the post, but he w T as recalled on the 2Srd
November following.
Between the years 1761 and 1769 the East India Maiet, pp. 38, 48,
^ find 54
Company's boats at Bussorah assisted the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
of Bagdad in his operations against the Arabs
and others both above and below Bussorah.
At this date (1769) the conduct of the Malet, p. 52,
musaleem* was so unsatisfactory'that Mr. Moore,
the agent at Bussorah, determined to have a
personal interview with the pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. on the subject.
Taking advantage of the departure of the pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
from Bagdad with a large force, he proceeded
300 iniles up the Euphrates with the cruiser
u Expedition " and the bomb " Fancy " to meet
him at Um-el-abbas or Umlabass. There is no
record in Malet of his having found it necessary
to obtain a firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). or any other authority for the
purpose, nor of any objection being then raised
to the presence of these vessels so far up the
Euphrates.
In 1773 the plague broke out at Bussorah, and Malet, p. 67.
the resident was compelled with his staff to leave
for India ; on his return in 1774 he brought with
him two vessels, the " Tigris " and " Euphrates,"
for the use of the Turks.
These vessels carried fourteen guns each, and
were suitable for work on tte two rivers. The
pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , however, found himself unable to manage Malet d 57
hem, and said that he must rely on the British
resident and his own musaleem to employ them
m such a manner as they might think best for
bis, the pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. 's, interests.
In 1775, during the Persian attack on Bussorah, Low's " Hktorv of
th r^ 1 0f the com P an y' s war-ships in th, r Indl '"' Nav y"
the Shatt-el-Arab whieh assisted the Turks in '' P " 166 '
the lr operations and ntiiis^ the two ^
had been supphed to the Turks.
* The pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. 's deputy or the governor.

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Content

Memorandum, written by Richard William Brant and Edward Parkes of the Foreign Office, Apr 1913 regarding navigation on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The memorandum is divided into four parts:

  • Historical Memorandum respecting the navigation of the Mesopotamian rivers. The memorandum describes the history of British relations with Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. and the progress of their relations in order to determine the rights that Great Britain possesses which allow it to participate in the trade and navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The memorandum covers both the period where rights were acquired by the East India Company (1579-1859) and from 1860s onwards where rights and special privileges were acquired and maintained on behalf of the Tigris and Euphrates Steam Navigation Company (folios 8-66);
  • British rights by treaty with regard to the navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates, which looks at the rights accrued by Great Britain through treaties with the Ottoman Government and through the Ottoman Empire's treaties with other nations (folios 67-70);
  • Conclusions, which summarises the conclusions that can be drawn from the information provided in both the historical memorandum and the treaties sections (folios 71-74);
  • Chronological Table covering the period 1759 to 1912, with annual entries from 1873 onwards (folios 75-119) ;
  • Annex: Instances where the employment of British steamers in the navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates has been asserted or admitted to be limited by the Firmans of 1834 and 1841;
  • Appendices: 34 items which are listed on folio 122, and include extracts and copies of Treaties, Firmans, Memorandum, Circulars and other relevant documents covering the period 1718 to 1912.
Extent and format
1 file (42 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio (except for the front cover where the folio number is on the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. ). An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-139; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'MEMORANDUM RESPECTING THE NAVIGATION OF THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES.' [‎9v] (19/284), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B199, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023576028.0x000014> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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