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'MEMORANDUM RESPECTING THE NAVIGATION OF THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES.' [‎12v] (25/284)

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The record is made up of 1 file (42 folios). It was created in 24 Apr 1913. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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10
interests of Great Britain, and might add to
the facilities for a speedy and -regular trans
mission of mails between the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and
the coast of Syria.
He was also instructed to complete the surveys Malet, pp. 133,
1 rr* • 134.
of the Eivers Euphrates and iigns.
The bead-quarters of the 44 Euphrates ,, were at
Bussorah, and she was employed in navigating
and surveying the Tigris as well as the Euphrates
without any objection being raised tbeieto,
although the firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). of 1831 only applied to the
latter river. In 1837 and in 1838 she ascended Consul Werrj,
the Tigris to Bagdad and Mosul, the Euphrates ^ y \ 0) 18 3 7
for about 500 miles as far as Hit, and she Low's« History of
traversed the Saklawiya Canal connecting the ^ avy "
Tigris and Euphrates above Bagdad.
In 1838 the East India Company, at the instance India Board to
of Colonel Taylor, decided to send out three more leptember^fsss'
steamers to the Mesopotamian rivers. The
latter suggested the expediency of stationing
two or three small steamers, well manned, armed,
and equipped," on the Euphrates and Tigris in
aid of the general services expected of the larger
vessel, the " Euphrates."
The matter was regarded as secret, and no
papers exist in the Foreign Office archives or can
be found at the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. to explain in more
detail the reasons for dispatching these vessels, or
whether any permission was obtained from the
Turkish Government for stationing them in the
rivers of Mesopotamia. But the fact remains that
the steamers arrived in pieces, were reconstructed,
and launched in 1810, and that they navigated Colonel Rose,
and surveyed the rivers and regularly carried jutyu, i84i.
mails up the Tigris without apparently any
protest on the part of the Turkish Govern
ment.
At this time the flotilla consisted of four Secret Committee Pre-1784, the Committee responsible for protecting East India Company shipping. Post-1784, its main role was to transmit communications between the Board of Control and the Company's Indian governments on matters requiring secrecy.
vessels, the "Euphrates," the ''Assyria," the t0 the East India
4 Nimrod," and the " Nitocris," and was under December 3, 1839.
the command of Lieutenant Lynch, subject to the p. 134.
orders of the political agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. .
On the 19th August, 1841 (Appendix IV), a
firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). was issued to the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Bagdad
instructing him to assist Captain Lenj (Lynch)
in the navigation of the Euphrates by two
steamers under his command. The purport of
this firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). resembled that of the firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). of 1834,
and referred only to vessels belonging to the
British Government on the Euphrates.
This firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). was not sent to the Eoreign Office

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Content

Memorandum, written by Richard William Brant and Edward Parkes of the Foreign Office, Apr 1913 regarding navigation on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The memorandum is divided into four parts:

  • Historical Memorandum respecting the navigation of the Mesopotamian rivers. The memorandum describes the history of British relations with Turkish Arabia A term used by the British officials to describe the territory roughly corresponding to, but not coextensive with, modern-day Iraq under the control of the Ottoman Empire. and the progress of their relations in order to determine the rights that Great Britain possesses which allow it to participate in the trade and navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The memorandum covers both the period where rights were acquired by the East India Company (1579-1859) and from 1860s onwards where rights and special privileges were acquired and maintained on behalf of the Tigris and Euphrates Steam Navigation Company (folios 8-66);
  • British rights by treaty with regard to the navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates, which looks at the rights accrued by Great Britain through treaties with the Ottoman Government and through the Ottoman Empire's treaties with other nations (folios 67-70);
  • Conclusions, which summarises the conclusions that can be drawn from the information provided in both the historical memorandum and the treaties sections (folios 71-74);
  • Chronological Table covering the period 1759 to 1912, with annual entries from 1873 onwards (folios 75-119) ;
  • Annex: Instances where the employment of British steamers in the navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates has been asserted or admitted to be limited by the Firmans of 1834 and 1841;
  • Appendices: 34 items which are listed on folio 122, and include extracts and copies of Treaties, Firmans, Memorandum, Circulars and other relevant documents covering the period 1718 to 1912.
Extent and format
1 file (42 folios)
Physical characteristics

Foliation: The main foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio (except for the front cover where the folio number is on the verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. ). An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-139; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.

Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'MEMORANDUM RESPECTING THE NAVIGATION OF THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES.' [‎12v] (25/284), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B199, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023576028.0x00001a> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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