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'File 53/11 VIII (D 98) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah' [155r] (342/576)
The record is made up of 1 volume (286 folios). It was created in 30 Sep 1933-30 May 1934. It was written in English, Arabic and Turkish. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
id
conoentratee on the rights of the Parm-ovmer, and the
duties of the
Fellaheen
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
.
The farm-owner now becomes the agricultural
authority (Article 3), and unfitted though he may be, gives
his orders for sowing, irrigating and harvesting, orders
which the
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
is obliged under severe penalties to carry
out (Article 18).
All advances made to the
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
, all charges
Incurred by the farm-owner, are to be regarded as an
•Agricultural Debt" recoverable from the
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
(Article 10)
These charges and these advances will be
incurred whether the venture is a success or not, but if
even by bad farming and bad direction on the part of the
farm owner, a loss is incurred, then that loss becomes the
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
's debt to the farm-owner.
So long as such a debt exists he is legally
incapacitated from seeking employment on either a more
successful farm, or in Government Departmental Service or
in Municipalities or Registered Companies (Article 15).
Article 11 (a) admits, in a naive manner, that
it is more or less expected that the
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
will be
permanently indebted, and allows him a remission from his
debt of the value of the seed only for any crop destroyed
by a natural calamity.
Under Article 13, an indebted
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
may have
even his plough and plough animals confiscated, unless he
continues to work on the same estate.
The valuable, though somewhat vague, rights in
Land known as "Lazmah" seem to be completely neglected,
except in Article 49 (4), which lays down that an evicted
fellah
Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour.
if he be a "Lazmah" holder shall still have "his
personal right in the land, and in spite of his eviction
his relatives may still use that right according to local
custoia 11 •
Theoretically
About this item
- Content
This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Mohammerah and Kuwait. The correspondence discusses changes in legislation proposed by the Government of Iraq regarding the collection of land rent and land produce duties, and the impact of these changes to the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ.
In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.
The file contains details regarding a legal case brought against Shaikh Aḥmad by members of the Al Zuhair family regarding the ownership of some of his land holdings in Iraq.
Correspondence in the file states that the problems between Shaikh Aḥmad and fellaheen Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour. (agricultural workers) on his land - as described in detail in IOR/R/15/1/489 - had been resolved.
The file contains correspondence regarding Jacob Gabriel, the Armenian legal representative of Shaikh Ahmad (ff. 5-13) as well as minutes from two meetings held at the Foreign Office with representatives from the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , the Treasury, the Treasury Solicitor's Department and the Foreign Office (ff.167-183 & ff. 187-200).
The file also contains the following:
- An English translation of an article which appeared in the Iraqi newspaper Al Ahali in December 1933. The article accuses the Al Sabah family of 'meddling' with fellaheen Arabic for ‘peasant’. It was used by British officials to refer to agricultural workers or to members of a social class employed primarily in agricultural labour. in order to preserve control over their lands in Iraq (f.111).
- A copy (in Arabic) of Iraq's Land Laws (ff. 120-130).
- Detailed figures concerning the produce of Shaikh Aḥmad's lands and the amount of tax and export duties paid on them (ff. 214-227).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (286 folios)
- Arrangement
File is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end.
- Physical characteristics
Condition: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. .
The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a-1e, 27a, 140a-140f, 142a, 146a, 237a.
- Written in
- English, Arabic and Turkish in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/490
- Title
- 'File 53/11 VIII (D 98) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1ev, 2r:5v, 7v:9v, 11v:14v, 15v:18v, 19v:27v, 27ar:27av, 28r:35v, 36v:37v, 41v, 44v:120r, 131r:140v, 140ar:140av, 141r:142v, 142ar:142av, 143v:146v, 146ar:146av, 147r:197v, 199v:237v, 237ar:237av, 238r:270v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence