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‘A sketch of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, with special reference to the present campaign.’ [‎8] (18/58)

The record is made up of 29 folios. It was created in 1917. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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8
us through the Shaikh of Muhammerah, but the pretensions
he put forward were immoderate. FeeUng his position at
Basrah to be dangerously unstable he took refuge in Central
Arabia, and after the outbreak of war came in to us at
Kuwait and consented to retire into voluntary exile in India.
Scarcely had war broken out in Europe than secret tele
grams from Enver Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. commenced to reach the authorities
in B.israh and the leaders of the opposing faction, warning
them to be prepared for the entry of Turkey into the war :
every endeavour was mide to enlist popular feeling against
the Allies, and to bring pressure to bear on the Shaikhs of
Mahammsrah and Kuwait in order to detach them from us.
Little success attended these efforts until the actual out
break of war, and the Shaikhs of Muhammerah and Kuwait
never wavered, but in the excitement that followed the news
and urged by a natural desire to defend their hearths and homes
against the invader, as well as by the strong incentives offered
by Ottoman misrepresentations and the expectation of loot a
number of Arabs joined the Turks, some enlisting under com
pulsion as soldiers, others from villages down-stream joining
in as franctireurs. Had we delayed in our advance on Fao
or Basrah and left the Turks to raise the country and spread
rumours detrimental to our arms, a considerable Arab rising
might have been engineered, but the rapidity of our descent on
Fao and push to Basrah frustrated these hopes.
The transports * which had been waiting in readiness for
some days at Bahrain crossed the bar, anticipating by some
hours the arrival of the Turkish mine laying vessels, and under
cover of His Majesty's Ships, a detachment effected a landing
at Fao, capturing the fort, which was full of warlike stores^
after its guns had been silenced by our warships. The troops
were rc-cmbarked and were disembarked at Saniyah just above
Abadan some 20 miles up-stream from Fao : just before dawn
on the 11th a determined attack was made on the force, but
we were fully forewarned of the precise hour at which it was
to be expected and it was easily repulsed with heavy loss to
the enemy.
ma n^ I r o « a S? X ^ edltl0n ^'T F 0Tce " D " (Brigadier-General Delamaln In com-
mand) left Bombay on October 6th In 4 transports: arrived Bahrain October
ber 6th er 2nd ' arrlved at outer bar November 3rd, landed Xovem-

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Content

The volume is an overview of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, authored by the Office of the Chief Political Officer, Indian Expeditionary Force “D”, and printed by the Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta [Kolkata], India in 1917. The volume is divided into a number of chapters:

1. An introduction to the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, chiefly concerning Britain’s history of naval intervention and military occupation in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and its efforts in eradicating the slave trade, arms traffic and piracy;

2. A chapter entitled ‘The Arab attitude in Iraq before the War’, including: political conditions in Turkish Iraq prior to the War; the arrival of the Indian Expeditionary Force “D” at the start of the War; Ottoman ‘jihad’ against the British; Arab attitudes to the British in Iraq, central Arabia and Persian Arabistan;

3. British relations with Arabistan, including an overview of the Anglo-Persian War (1856-57), and a brief outline of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s activities in the region;

4. The Bakhtiari tribes, their leaders and their standing with the Persian Government, and the importance of maintaining British relations with them, with reference to trade routes, the maintenance of order in the oil fields, and the maintenance of friendly relations with the Shaikh of Muhammareh [Khorramshahr] and the Russians at Ispahan [Isfahān, or Eṣfahān];

5. Pusht-i-Kuh – ‘the right flank of Indian Expeditionary Force “D”’: a description of the area, and its strategic and economic importance, including: topography; climate; the position and powers of its Wali [governor] (taken from Lorimer’s Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ), the Wali’s relatives; and Kaka Siyah, who reside in the region and who are of African origin;

6. Arabia – the left flank of Indian Expeditionary Force “D”. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is a general description of the Arabian peninsula, including: topography and geographic features; political powers in Arabia: the Wahhabi, with a history of their development and territorial gains; Egypt; Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rashīd]; the British Government; and Turkish interests in Arabia. The second part is a detailed historical outline of British relations with Ibn Sa‘ūd;

7. Entitled The Trend of Turkish policy before the War and since (official) , and subdivided into parts on internal and external politics. The first part includes an assessment of the characteristics of ‘Ottoman people’ and their Government, the second concentrates on German influence and activity in Ottoman territories.

There are pencil annotations on the front flyleaf of the volume (folio 2), which make note of sections within the volume, with the corresponding page numbers.

Extent and format
29 folios
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into seven chapters (I-VII), with subject subheadings used to organise each. A contents page (f 4), referencing the volume’s pagination sequence, lists the chapter headings. A preface (f 5) precedes the chapters.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top-right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 29.

Pagination: A printed pagination system runs through the volume (ff 7-27), the numbers of which are located top and centre of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. and verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. .

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘A sketch of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, with special reference to the present campaign.’ [‎8] (18/58), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C150, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023662459.0x000013> [accessed 23 April 2024]

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