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‘A sketch of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, with special reference to the present campaign.’ [‎20] (30/58)

The record is made up of 29 folios. It was created in 1917. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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20
All those who now figure in the public eye as senior Khans,
have only to look back Tor two generations to find a common
ancestor in one Ja'far Quli Khan, and in the generation pre-
^sding the present one they still find themselves concentrated
in two brothers and an uncle.
The family of the last named, if now not entirely negligible,
does not at any rate enter into the field of view under consi
deration, and attention need not be extended beyond the
families of Husain Quli Khan, and Imam Quli Khan, also
known as Haji Ilkhani The paramount chief of certain tribes in south west Iran. . These two brothers each held the
Ilkhaniship for varying periods during the eighties of last
century, and each at his death left a considerable family behind
him. Jealousy has always existed between these two 'families,
but it was held in abeyance for a long time during the combined
rule of Isfandiar Khan, and Muhammad Husain Khan, the
senior members of the respective families. Both men were
possessed of considerable capablity and wisdom, and worked
together in unanimity as Ilkhani The paramount chief of certain tribes in south west Iran. and Ilbegi. Isfandiar Khan
died in 1903, after 13 years' unbroken tenure of the supreme
power, during the last 5 of which there was no one to dispute
his authority,* and Muhammad Husain Khan, who succeeded
to his official position, succumbed early in 1905 to an illness
which has given grounds for some suspicion of foul play. The
way to the dignity and responsibility of the Ilkhaniship was
then laid open to the remaining brothers of each family, and
their subsequent history presents a record of constant jeal
ousies and intrigues, periodically terminating in the transfer
and retransfer of the supreme power from the one to the other.
Since 1909 the Bakhtiari Khans have been more or less
strongly represented in the Councils of the Persian Government
at Tehran, for it was a Bakhtiari force of one or two thousand
sowars which practically deposed Muhammad Ali Shah by
imposing on him (and incidentally upon the country) the ill-
starred " constitution," the advent of which gave birth to so
many vain hopes.
Their power has been exerted much to the pecuniary benefit
of the Khans, but it has not been without its disadvantages.
• On his release from confinement in 1890 Isfandiar Khan was appointed
Ilkhani The paramount chief of certain tribes in south west Iran. : but he was not able to assert his position fully during the life-time
of Imam Quli Khan. There was therefore some division of authority, at least
in practice, and Imam Quli Khan has sometimes been represented as holdins?
the Ilkhaniship from 1890 until his death, which probably occurred in A. H
1815-1316, or about 1898 A. D., but is sometimes given as 1896.

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Content

The volume is an overview of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, authored by the Office of the Chief Political Officer, Indian Expeditionary Force “D”, and printed by the Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta [Kolkata], India in 1917. The volume is divided into a number of chapters:

1. An introduction to the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, chiefly concerning Britain’s history of naval intervention and military occupation in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and its efforts in eradicating the slave trade, arms traffic and piracy;

2. A chapter entitled ‘The Arab attitude in Iraq before the War’, including: political conditions in Turkish Iraq prior to the War; the arrival of the Indian Expeditionary Force “D” at the start of the War; Ottoman ‘jihad’ against the British; Arab attitudes to the British in Iraq, central Arabia and Persian Arabistan;

3. British relations with Arabistan, including an overview of the Anglo-Persian War (1856-57), and a brief outline of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s activities in the region;

4. The Bakhtiari tribes, their leaders and their standing with the Persian Government, and the importance of maintaining British relations with them, with reference to trade routes, the maintenance of order in the oil fields, and the maintenance of friendly relations with the Shaikh of Muhammareh [Khorramshahr] and the Russians at Ispahan [Isfahān, or Eṣfahān];

5. Pusht-i-Kuh – ‘the right flank of Indian Expeditionary Force “D”’: a description of the area, and its strategic and economic importance, including: topography; climate; the position and powers of its Wali [governor] (taken from Lorimer’s Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ), the Wali’s relatives; and Kaka Siyah, who reside in the region and who are of African origin;

6. Arabia – the left flank of Indian Expeditionary Force “D”. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is a general description of the Arabian peninsula, including: topography and geographic features; political powers in Arabia: the Wahhabi, with a history of their development and territorial gains; Egypt; Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rashīd]; the British Government; and Turkish interests in Arabia. The second part is a detailed historical outline of British relations with Ibn Sa‘ūd;

7. Entitled The Trend of Turkish policy before the War and since (official) , and subdivided into parts on internal and external politics. The first part includes an assessment of the characteristics of ‘Ottoman people’ and their Government, the second concentrates on German influence and activity in Ottoman territories.

There are pencil annotations on the front flyleaf of the volume (folio 2), which make note of sections within the volume, with the corresponding page numbers.

Extent and format
29 folios
Arrangement

The volume is arranged into seven chapters (I-VII), with subject subheadings used to organise each. A contents page (f 4), referencing the volume’s pagination sequence, lists the chapter headings. A preface (f 5) precedes the chapters.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top-right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 29.

Pagination: A printed pagination system runs through the volume (ff 7-27), the numbers of which are located top and centre of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. and verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. .

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘A sketch of the political history of Persia, Iraq and Arabia, with special reference to the present campaign.’ [‎20] (30/58), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/20/C150, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023662459.0x00001f> [accessed 18 April 2024]

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