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'File 73/7 II (D 22) Status of Koweit [Kuwait] - Baghdad railway, Anglo Turkish negotiations' [‎11r] (23/540)

The record is made up of 1 volume (268 folios). It was created in 24 Oct 1911-26 Dec 1912. It was written in English, French and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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11
Issued at Eas-ool-Kheimah in the forenoon of Saturday, the 29th of the month of
Rabe-ul-Awul, in the year 1235, corresponding to the 15th January, 1820.
(L.S.) W. GRANT KEIK,
Major-General.
(L.S.) HASSUN-BIN-ALT.
Copy of the articles entered into between the general and Hassun-hin-Ali in the
forenoon of Saturday, the 29th Eabe-ul-Awul, in the year of Heoira 1235, correspondino-
to the 15th January, 1820.
Witness my hand and seal:
(L .S.) W. Grant Keir,
Major-General.
(10.)
General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf An agreement made in 1820 between Britain and ten tribal rulers of the eastern Arabian coast, often seen as marking the start of 150 years of British hegemony in the region. , ] 820.
(Translation.)
In the name of Gi-od, the Merciful, the Compassionate!
Praise be to God, who hath ordained peace to be a blessing to his creatures. There
is established a lasting peace between the British Government and the Arab tribes, who
are parties to this contract, on the following conditions :—
Article 1.
There shall be a cessation of plunder and piracy by lands and sea on the part of
the Arabs, who are parties to this contract, for ever.
Article 2.
If any individual of the people of the Arabs contracting shall attack any that pass
by land or sea of any nation whatsoever, in the way of plunder and piracy and not of
acknowledged war, he shall be accounted an enemy of all mankind and shall be held to
have forfeited both life and goods. And acknowledged war is that which is proclaimed,
avowed, and ordered by Government against Government; and the killing of men and
taking of goods without proclamation, avowal, and the order of a Government is plunder
and piracy.
Article 3.
The friendly (literally the pacificated) Arabs shall carry by land and sea a red flag,
with or without letters in it, at their option, and this shall be in a border of white, the
breadth of the white in the border being equal to the breadth of the red, as represented
in the margin* (the whole forming the flag known in the British navy by the title of
white-pierced red), this shall be the flag of the friendly Arabs, and they shall use it and
no other.
Article 4.
The pacificated tribes shall all of them continue in their former relations, with the
exception that they shall be at peace with the British Government, and shall not fight
with each other, and the flag shall be a symbol of this only and of nothing further.
Article 5.
The vessels of the friendly Arabs shall all of them have in their possession a paper
(register) signed with the signature of their chief, in which shall be the name of the
vessel, its length, its breadth, and how many karahs it holds. _ And they shall also have
in their possession another writing (port clearance) signed with the signature of their
chief, in which shall be the name of the owner, the name of the nakhoda, the number
of men, the number of arms, from whence sailed, at what time, and to what port bound.
* Not reproduced.

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Content

The volume contains letters, telegrams, and memorandums pertaining to Anglo-Turkish negotiations brought on by the Baghdad Railway and particularly the extension to Basra. Correspondents include: Percy Cox, Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. at Bushire, William Shakespear, Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Kuwait, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Admiral Edmond Slade, the Board of Trade, the Government of India, the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , and several private companies, including Trans-Atlantic Trust Company, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Imperial Ottoman Bank, and Imperial Persian Bank.

The form of the negotiations was a series of memorandums containing proposals and counter-proposals. The issues and subjects discussed are:

  • ownership and control of the line;
  • custom duty increases in the region;
  • navigation of the Shatt al-Arab, including the establishment of a commission to oversee this;
  • transport of railway materials by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
  • delimitation of the Turkish-Persian border;
  • status and territorial limit of Kuwait;
  • other Gulf matters, including the statuses of Bahrain and Qatar, the suppression of arms traffic, piracy, and slavery, and the protection of pearl fisheries.

Folios 261-262 are a map showing the proposed territorial limits of Kuwait.

Extent and format
1 volume (268 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged chronologically. At the beginning (ff. 3-4) is a subject index, in no particular order but grouped under several broad headings. The numbers refer to folio numbers from the secondary, earlier sequence.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers positioned in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . There are two earlier foliation systems running through parts of the volume. The first uses uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages, and the top-left corner of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages. This foliation system numbers pages if they have content on them, which is the case for all rectos and some versos. This foliation system appears intermittently through most of the volume. The other foliation system uses circled blue pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages, and appears from folios 5 to 42. Numerous printed materials contained in the volume have their own internal pagination systems. The following foliation irregularities occur: 1a, 34a, 51B, 219B, 250B.

Written in
English, French and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 73/7 II (D 22) Status of Koweit [Kuwait] - Baghdad railway, Anglo Turkish negotiations' [‎11r] (23/540), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/611, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023826000.0x000019> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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