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'File 19/165 I (C 18) Bahrain Reforms' [‎7r] (26/528)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (234 folios). It was created in 5 Apr 1922-23 Jul 1923. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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7
to pass th i night grouped < Ground the flagstaff. Such situations
vvere not dovoid of difficulty. On ono recent occasion,a further
.?,ct of oppression by one of 3 Xhalld v s sons,c&used some
fifteen hundrid persons to appear at the Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. .They refused to
*
leave and to I'y their grievances before the Huler ^ae I suggest
ed. ;^inca their nunbora were being constantly addc?d to by frosh
arrivals,! decided to end for Shailcs Hamad and Abdullatat to
endeavour to arrive nt a settlement.
The chalks interviewed a deputation from the crovd.and undurtook
to instruct Shaik KhiO-id to cease interference with liberty of
persons sud to postpone collection of taxes until further orders.
They promised tte t.in the me'ntime, they ^ould consider the whole
question of t ^xr'Ion,and the administration of justice, and would
request laaa to mice rj announveraent later. On my reconmen-
dation ,th8 crowd accepted thoae "a-uranceB »nd dispersed.
^fter his there followed a series of discuss:-'ion3 at vhioh I nea
as^od tc edvise.It waa pointed out to me th^t the^c Shoiks desired
to intrAduce reforms and wished to substitute reasonable and just
taxation,for the obnoxious texes hitherto forced firora the Shiahs.
T learnt that,apnrt from the customs, the revenue of thn oh^ iks,
h&s been derived as follows-
1. Date garden tax. Collected quite erbttrarily,according to the
whisn snd appetite for oppression of the particular sb ikling
vithin whose area the garden exists. Practically co^ndted
from 3haiah only.
2. •He ? abieh f literally 'neck tax' cr pol!! tax levied on males,
at varying r^tee in different localities^It has been collecte
/rom shtihs only an(3 is particularly obnoxious to them.
5. Fish tax. Levied from Shiahs only ?t varying rrtes.
4 »A special t x on 3hiahs during Muhcrram.
5* A vari ity of t< T 'xos collected in kind from ^hiahs only.
6. A pearling tax.This was originally co"'looted from all pearling
boats, which re mr. inly owned by sunnis.Of late yerrs a l^rga
number of thd boat owners h ve ceased paying. A similar t^x
is collected by the rulers of JCovrit, A atar etc and/is the
9 1
acknowledged right o r the ;$hL ik.

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Content

This volume contains detailed discussions regarding the proposed British reforms in Bahrain. The documents discuss the attitude of Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa towards the reforms and the role of his sons Abdullah bin Isa Al Khalifa and Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.

The oppression of the Shia community by the Al Khalifa family and Bahrain's taxation system are discussed as are the implications of the implementation of the reforms vis a vis British relations with Bin Saud and the Persian Government.

The file also contains correspondence between British officials and Shaikh Isa, a petition from the Baharna (Shia) indigenous community of Bahrain and reports regarding Nejdi-Persian violence that occurred in Bahrain in 1923.

Extent and format
1 volume (234 folios)
Arrangement

The file is arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of the file to most recent at end. The file contains an index of topics on the page prior to folio 1. The index uses page numbers relating to the file's consistent foliation system.

Physical characteristics

Originally a bound correspondence volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now all loose. Foliation - in pencil on the top right corner of each front-facing page - starts on the first page of text after the index page. There is an inconsistent pencilled system that is crossed out, also on the top right corner of each front-facing page.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 19/165 I (C 18) Bahrain Reforms' [‎7r] (26/528), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/336, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023840573.0x00001b> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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