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'File No. E/3. QATAR - Shaikhs Jasim & Ahmad al Thani & death of Shaikh Jasim in 1913' [‎47r] (105/394)

The record is made up of 1 volume (189 folios). It was created in 18 Jun 1900-5 May 1920. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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7
by the forces of Sheikh Mohamed, and Sheikh Abdullah died in the following
year at Maskat.
1851 The Wahabi Amir, Faisal, came to within two stages of Bida>
whereupon all the inhabitants of the Katr Coast (Fuwerat, Wakra, Doha, etc.)/
tendered their submission to him and renounced Sheikh Mohamed Bin Khalifa.
Soon afterwards, peace was concluded between the Amir and the Bahrein Chief,
and the fort of Bida was handed back to Sheikh Ali Bin Khalifa, the brother of
Sheikh Mohamed. The Wahabi Amir returned to Hasa.
1852-1866 A.D. —The history of these years needs yet to be further investi
gated. f he circumstances in which the A1 Khalifa Governor was withdra vn from
Bida, and the manner in which the Sheikh of the Maadhid, Mohamed bin Thani,
rose to eminence are not known. From a letter Nos. 115—135 written by
Colonel Ross to the Government of India on the 4th September, it appears that
the Wahabi Amir had during this period established his own Agent or Governor,
whether Mahomed bin Thani or another, at Bida for the purpose of collecting his
tithes. Mahomed bin Thani no doubt must have succeeded Esa bin Tarif as
the head of the A1 bin Ali, and as Bida has always been the popular asylum for
fugitives from Abu Dthabi, it is not difficult to understand how Mahomed bin
Thani incurred the enmity of the Chief of the latter place.
1866 An Agent of the Wahabi Amir gave the Resident a written
declaration, undertaking that the Imam Abdallah bin Faisal would not injure or
attack the territories of the Arab tribes in alliance with the British Government
" further than in receiving the zakat that has been customary of old ?"
i86y A.D. —-To avenge the expulsion of the Bahrein Chief's representative
from Wakra, Sheikh Ali bin Khalifa, in command of the Bahrein forces, attacked
the people of Katr and destroyed a number of boats. He was then joined by
the Chief of Abu Dthabi, in spite of the warnings of the British Resident, and
the combined fleets sacked the towns of Wakra, Bida, Duweha and Doha with
circumstances of peculiar barbarity. The Katr tribes then made an unsuccess
ful attack on Bahrein, and subsequently the Resident proceeded with 3 men-of-
war to exact reparation for the outrages.
1868 A .D. —Sheikh Mahomed was deposed from the Chiefship of Bahrein,
Sheikh Ali was fined a lakh One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees of dollars, of which four fifths were subsequently
remitted, and the Chief of Abu Dthabi was fined 25,000 dollars (of which sum
only Rs. 3,740 were realised) and was compelled to allow the persons whom he
had removed from Katr to return to their ho nes there. Sheikh Mahomed bin
1 hani gave the Resident a written agreement, promising inter alia to reside
peaceably at Doha (a village now merged in the town of Bida), to observe the
Maritime Peace, to refer all disputes and misunderstandings to the Resident,
and to maintain towards Sheikh Ali bin Khalifa the same relations which had
heretofore subsisted between himself and the Chief of Bahrein.
186g A.D.—The Sheikhs of the Katr tribes including Mahomed bin Thani
signed an agreement mediated by the Resident promising to pay to the Chief of
^Bahrein the sum of 9,000 krans annually through Mahomed bin Thani
'of Doha " and by the latter through the Resident for delivery to the Chief's
Agent at Bushire.
' 7 - V SeernS P ro ^^ e mo ney was the Katr contribution to the
1 at, but the point requires further investigation. The money was certainly
paid for the next two or three years, but was probably discontinued on the lurks
establishing themselves at Bida. On the occasion of this settlement Colonel
el y seems to have decided (videh\s letter, dated the 27th October 1873) t hat
while the Bahrein Chief was acknowledged to possess certain rights of pasturage,
etc., on the Katr coast, he should not be held to be empowered to put to sea
tor the purpose of coercing any Katr Port.
In September of this year Sheikh Ali was killed by the forces of his brother
Mahomed, and after a short interregnum Sheikh Isa was made Chief by the
British Government.
'8?/ A. D. —Rumours having reached the ears of Her Majesty's Govern-
m ent that the Porte were about to send an expedition against the Arabs of the

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Content

This file contains correspondence between British officials at Bushire, Bahrain and the Foreign Department of the Government of India, as well as with Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī, Shaikh Aḥmad bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī and Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī.

The first part of the file covers Britain’s relations with Qatar between 1900 and 1905, and includes: details of gift giving to members of the Āl Thānī family in 1900, 1903 and 1904; details concerning Turkish activities in Qatar; various correspondence among British officials discussing the status of Qatar vis-à-vis Britain and possible future treaty relations; the status of the Āl Thānī family as the ruling family of Qatar; the position of Shaikh Aḥmad vis-à-vis his brother Shaikh Jāsim; and a short historical sketch of Qatar from 1766 to 1902 (folio 44).

The pages of the file that cover the years 1905 to 1909 include Fancis Beville Prideaux's report on his visit to Shaikh Jāsim at Lusayl and Shaikh Aḥmad at Doha (al-Bidda‘) (folios 49-59) in November 1905; details concerning the murder of Shaikh Aḥmad in December 1905 (folios 60-76); Turkish activities in Qatar (for example, folios 92, 95 and 102); illness of Shaikh Jāsim’s son, ‘Abd al-Raḥman, in March 1906 (folio 71); piracy activities of Aḥmad bin Salmān (folio 82); and the Āl Thānī family’s relations with Ibn Sa‘ūd (folios 114-117A) and the Āl Khalīfah family (folios 119-127).

The pages of the file covering 1913 to 1920 deal with Shaikh Jāsim’s illness and eventual death in July 1913 and the subsequent succession of his son, Shaikh ‘Abdullāh (folios 147-156); details of relations between the Āl Khalīfah family and Qatar, particularly with regard to al-Zubārah (folio 157) and their pearling interests; and a proposed tour of Qatar and the awarding of the C.I.E. [Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire] to Shaikh ‘Abdullāh (folios 157-181).

Extent and format
1 volume (189 folios)
Arrangement

This file is arranged approximately in chronological order.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: This file has a foliation number in the top right hand corner of each folio. The number is enclosed by a circle.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File No. E/3. QATAR - Shaikhs Jasim & Ahmad al Thani & death of Shaikh Jasim in 1913' [‎47r] (105/394), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/26, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100024044278.0x00006a> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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