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'File 19/165 III (C 24) Bahrain Reforms' [‎161r] (328/426)

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The record is made up of 1 file (208 folios). It was created in 2 Jan 1924-13 Aug 1925. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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particulary keen on it, as it will stop much litigation & remove many
ot the causes of trouble between young hot head, of his family & m ,
subjects. Since he started hi S court he has £ on e on the principle
that ten years occupation constitutes a right to property,but that
1: ' eV * nt 0 " • es8 than ten y* ar « ,Provided if it be proved that
the property was wrongly come by,the dispute is adjusted in court.
A considerable number of such cases have been disposed of in the last
year .. loss itly a few more will come to light when the Word' takes
place but not many are anticipated.Nobody is now afraid to claim his
rights & those who had claims have not been slow to avail themselves
of the Courts
(4) The Levies are in bein^;,
I knov; 01 no other f reforms» that are contemplated. Ordinary improve-
cnts such as the water scheme,improvement of roads,buildinr a eea-
front.etc etc are the normal developeisnts of the tftate.They are
naturally givtn prominence because under Shaik Easa's rule nothing
was done ao all,"but they are not tK eforms f initiated by us, they are
improvement« effected by Homad on which he is very keen,Surely it is
not our policy to stop him improving his state if he wishes to? He
is particularly anxious to make a ^how* to prove to the public that
his conduct of affairs is to their benefit.
So x-cr xrom the Government of India being further 'committed''
everything tends to lessen their commitments. Presumably they do not
ic 0 «uic. uiic ohaiks request for assistance in finding a sublAsst, Surgeoirv
as a commitment? If so,it was only necessary to decline^ he would
have made his own arrangements,but we thought a trained man selected
by the Hediacl authorities for the post would be more useful.
The other possible t comitments T are the O.G.Levies & the
Levtj equipment^ & the A.P.A. The first two are'e.ntirely paid for by
the Bahrain State.All that GovernmBnt has done was to find the office*
/
such assistance has already been afforded Muscat & is ,1 believe,
generally afforded by Governnm^t to States under her protedtion or in
treaty relation with her.
The appointment of an A.P.A.is to some slight extent a
, commitment f but an unavmadable one. Even before the reforms, case wori
had increased so much that GovernmiEnt had recognised the necessity
for an Indian Assistant.The post remained vacant durir. the three

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Content

File includes correspondence related to a number of topics including a request to the Governor General of Sudan for a copy of Sudan's Penal Code, correspondence between Abdul Wahab Zayani (Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa’s Attorney in exile in Bombay) and the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Bahrain, reports of Sunni violence against the Shia community in Bahrain, discussion regarding the need for a levy corps in Bahrain, discussion on where and how Shaikh Hamad bin Isa’s younger children should be educated, correspondence between Bushire, Bahrain and the Government of India regarding the extent of reforms in Bahrain and the nature of Britain’s role in the country.

The movements of an Egyptian journalist (Ahmed Rifaat) in the region are also mentioned as are several other matters in brief. The file also includes a letter from Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner in Palestine that reports news that King Hussein had heard about the removal of Isa as ruler and expressed his concern that it could cause unrest.

Extent and format
1 file (208 folios)
Arrangement

Arranged in chronological order, from earliest at beginning of file to latest at end.

Physical characteristics

A bound correspondence file. The volume is foliated from the front cover to back cover, with small uncircled numbers in the top-right corner of each front-facing page. Some folios originally missed out have had letters added, e.g. 1a. 1b etc.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 19/165 III (C 24) Bahrain Reforms' [‎161r] (328/426), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/339, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100024110739.0x00007f> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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