'Vol-B.44. Confidential 86/7-vii. P.C.L. TRUCIAL COAST' [131r] (266/404)
The record is made up of 1 volume (198 folios). It was created in 26 May 1937-9 Aug 1937. It was written in English, Arabic and Persian. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
— 4 —-
Lk35
(r ^
the eastern boundary of the States for on the east there
are no definite controlled areas except in one or two cases
such as Umm al Qaiwain and Dubai who do exercise a reason
able amount of control over the whole area belonging to
them. Some of the Shaikhs have been gradually losing con
trol and what was considered an integral part of the Shaikh—
dom ten years or more ago has now become separated and
under the rule of the Shaikh of one of the nomadic tribes.
There is an example in the case of the Shaikhdom of Sharjah
a part of the territory of which is now controlled by the
Shaikh of the Beni Kitab. This will have to be faced and
eventually the boundaries will have to be decided. But
with the exception of the northern and southern boundaries
I do not think that we can possibly attempt tracing the
other boundaries until we have tackled the second problem.
5. The second problem is as I said before to get in
touch with aixi decide which tribes and their rulers exer
cise control over the areas which lie to the east and south
east of the Trucial Shaikhdoms. This having been done there
is then the necessity for coming to agreements with them.
The territory east and south east of the Trucial Shaikhdoms
is an unknown area and I do not think that any Political
Officer has penetrated beyond Buraind which lies to the south
east of Abu Dhabi since the late Sir Percy Cox went there
about the year 1907. I have been endeavouring to obtain
information regarding these areas, and I find from cross-
examining various tribesmen that the Beni Kitab tsribe
(spelt in the enclosure to the
India Office
The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors.
Express letter
under reference as Beni Chittib) are accredited with
exercising/-
About this item
- Content
The volume primarily consists of correspondence between the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch); Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Tom Hickinbotham); the Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib Abd ‘al-Razzaq) the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. (John Charles Walton, Maurice Clauson) and Petroleum Concessions Limited (Frank Holmes, Basil Henry Lermitte, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Frederick Lewisohn); the main subject of discussion is the negotiations between the Shaikh Sultan bin Saqar [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī], Ruler of Sharjah and Major Frank Holmes, negotiator for Petroleum Concessions Limited.
The correspondence discusses the negotiations for a commercial concession in Sharjah, which are concluded in the beginning of July 1937 with the Shaikh agreeing to sign the concession; and his subsequent concern over the Political Agreement and Exchange of Notes relating to the concession agreement.
Also discussed in connection with concession agreements is a letter drafted by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. which contained an ultimatum to be used should any Shaikh appear to be holding out in negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) with the intention of opening negotiations instead with the Standard Oil Company of California. The ultimatum stated that should the Shaikh in question not wish to give his concession to PCL, he would not be permitted to negotiate with or grant a concession to, any other company. The ultimatum was issued to the Shaikh’s of Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah and Umm al Qaiwain.
Further correspondence relates to PCL’s interest in exploring the territory west of the Oman mountain range and the subsequent discussion regarding which rulers claimed responsibility over the territory, whether they had actual authority there or whether it was in the hands of local shaikhs, and how PCL should approach exploring there in those circumstances.
The correspondence includes a detailed assessment by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain, Tom Hickinbotham, of the areas in question and outlines what he knows of the areas of the tribes that claimed ownership including the Beni Kitab [Beni Qitab] (also given as Beni Chittab); Naim [Āl Na‘īm], Bu Shamis [Āl Bū Shāmis] and Duroor [Al-Durur] as well as outlining where he believed the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi and Sultan of Muscat’s areas of authority to be. The correspondence concludes by recommending that the Company be persuaded to delay their explorations into this territory until the following year in order to permit the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. Agent to spend the winter visiting and exploring these areas in order to ascertain a more accurate knowledge of the situation.
Other matters discussed in the volume include:
- an invitation from the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi to Petroleum Concessions Limited to open concession negotiations with him and the company’s wish for Khan Sahib Yusuf Kanoo to accompany their negotiator (Basil Henry Lermitte) to Abu Dhabi;
- copy of the Debai [Dubai] Commercial agreement (folios 53-70) signed by Major Frank Holmes (PCL), Tom Hickinbotham ( Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain) and Shaikh Saʻīd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm (Shaikh of Dubai).
- the Political Agreement for the Trucial states A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. which both the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Petroleum Concessions Limited wished to amend, and subsequent negotiations to achieve this. A copy of the redrafted agreement can be found at folios 103-109.
- a visit by Frank Holmes to the Shaikh of Ras al Khaimah (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) for the purpose of opening concession negotiations, which was unsuccessful, and concerns that the Shaikh would attempt to negotiate with the Standard Oil Company despite being informed by the British Government that such negotiations would not be permitted.
- Petroleum Concessions Limited’s intention to employ Haji ‘Abdullah Williamson to work for them in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. as his employment with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company had ended and their concern that they would not be able to do so owing to the circular issued by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. preventing Williamson from visiting the Arab Coast. Also included is discussion of the decision by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. to make the company aware of the evidence they had in support of Williamson’s actions on the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. in which he was seen to be working against the interest of his employers (PCL) and of the Shaikh of Dubai.
Correspondence with the Trucial Coast A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. Shaikhs is in English and Arabic; letters from the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company contain Persian and English letterheads.
A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 191-196.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (198 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume contains a table of contents on folio 4 consisting of subject headings and page references. The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-190; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
- Written in
- English, Arabic and Persian in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/677
- Title
- 'Vol-B.44. Confidential 86/7-vii. P.C.L. TRUCIAL COAST'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:5v, 14r:23v, 25r:34v, 36r:36v, 38r:45v, 47r:47v, 50r:50v, 71r:85v, 89r:89v, 93r:102v, 111r:138v, 140r:167v, 169r:187v, 189r:199v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence