‘File 21/1 I Zubarah’ [102r] (208/474)
The record is made up of 1 volume (230 folios). It was created in 21 Jun 1944-15 Jun 1947. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
- 2 -
to the Political Resident’s letter saying that he would
Terrain from interfering on the mainland ”except our city
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
for that is our property and has been”* The poli
tical Resident wrote saying that reports he had received
showed an increased necessity for “avoidance of all inter
ference on the mainland (whether at
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
or any other
place no exception is made)”.
The Government of India instructed the political
Resident to make the Shaikh understand clearly that if
he persisted in entangling himself in mainland affairs
they would hold themselves free to take such action with
respect to him as they considered necessary.
18. In 1878 the inhabitants of
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
committed a
heinous piracy in consequence of which the Government of
India instructed the
political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
to demand of the
Turks that the place should be punished and to offer
British naval assistance, in the meantime Shaikh Jassim
Al Thani of Dohah had sacked
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
. Sheikh Isa of
Bahrain requested British help for the Naim at
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
.
This was refused and the homeless Naim* to the number of
about 300, took refuge in Bahrain.
In 1886 the Naim of Qatar received large payments
from the Bahrain revenues, but the tribe failed to give
any adequate return.
19. In 1888 the British Government fearing that the
Turks would connive at the rebuilding of
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
informed
Shaikh Jasim Al Than! that a settlement by him would not
be permitted, in this and the following year ’a considerable
migration of Naim from Qatar to Bahrain took place. A vague
treaty of amity was concluded between the Shaikh of Bahrain
and Jassim of Dohah.
20. 1890. Shaikh Jasim Al Thani endeavoured to induce
the Turks to establish a garrison at
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
.
21. In 1890 the Turks were reported to be considering the
appointment of a Turkish MUdir for
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
. one was
appointed by 1895.
22. 1895. The Al bin Ali, a discontented Bahrain tribe,
migrated from Bahrain to Qatar, where, with the consent
and support of Shaikh Jasim Al Thani they formed a settle
ment at
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
. A Commander Pelly was sent to
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
to demand the return of the Al bin Ali. He met with a
refusal on the grounds that they were Turkish subjects and
the place a Turkish possession. From this incident a serious
threat to Bahrain was checked by Commander pelly who again
visited
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
and destroyed 44 armed vessels there. Under
the peace arrangements the Al bin Ali returned to Bahrain.
23. in 1895 the Shaikh of Bahrain was informed that he
had received the final decision of the Government of India,
and that the question of his right to interfere in affairs
on the mainland could not well be referred again; it behovedj
him carefully to consider his present position and the modi- \
fications it might occasion. * 1
24. In 1895 Jasim Al Than! wrote to the heads of the Naira
/tribe
About this item
- Content
The volume comprises correspondence concerning the ongoing dispute between the Rulers of Bahrain and Qatar over the sovereignty of Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. and the surrounding area on the Qatar Peninsula. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Cornelius James Pelly; Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay), the Ruler of Bahrain (Sheikh Salmān bin Ḥamad Āl Khalīfah), and the Ruler of Qatar (Sheikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī).
The volume includes:
- an initial exchange of letters between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and the Rulers of Bahrain and Qatar, between February and July 1945, relating to the Ruler of Bahrain’s complaints that some of his subjects had gone to a place called Bruk on the Qatar Peninsula (near Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. ) to collect wood, and had been harassed by men associated with the Ruler of Qatar (ff 2-41). Underlying the dispute are the differing interpretations of the two Rulers to the agreement, signed by them in June 1944, to restore friendly relations between the states of Bahrain and Qatar, and to restore conditions at Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. to what they had been prior to 1936;
- correspondence between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , relating to Bahrain-Qatar relations and the 1944 agreement, including: comment on the vagaries of the 1944 agreement (ff 61-63); the difficulties encountered in the handing over of the role of Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. from one individual to another; the historical context of Bahrain-Qatar relations, including a note, prepared by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Galloway) on the history of Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. , up to the present day (ff 100-107); discussion over the possibility of requesting the Ruler of Qatar to demolish his fort at Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. ;
- ongoing correspondence amid a stalemate in the disagreement over Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. , including: the imposition by the Qatar Customs Officer of export duties on limestone shipped from Qatar to Bahrain (ff 50-54); the Ruler of Bahrain’s agreement that the Al Bu Rumaih tribe be allowed to emigrate from Bahrain to Qatar (ff 95-96); the dispatch of a deputation to Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. by the Ruler of Qatar; continued letters, some enclosing petitions, from the Ruler of Bahrain, making his historical claim to Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. (ff 125-138);
- correspondence relating to an incident in early 1947, in which an individual from the Al Bu Rumaih tribe, on returning to Qatar, was arrested and imprisoned by the Ruler of Bahrain (ff 167-204). An attempt by the Assistant Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Captain Hugh Dunstan Rance) to intervene in the matter in the Political Agent’s absence, provoked a strong complaint from the Ruler of Bahrain, which in turn brought a rebuke from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Pelly) on his return. In correspondence exchanged with the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the wake of the incident, Pelly suggests that Arab rulers, including the Ruler of Bahrain, are beginning to challenge British orders, in light of Britain’s ‘recessive’ policy in Egypt and India (ff 203-204).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (230 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the volume (ff 214-232) mirror the chronological arrangement. Letters in Arabic are generally immediately preceded by English translations prepared by Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. staff.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-213; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Pagination: the file notes at the back (ff 214-232) have been paginated using pencil.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/605
- Title
- ‘File 21/1 I Zubarah’
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4v, 6r:8v, 10r:10v, 12r:13v, 17r:17v, 19r:22v, 24r:24v, 26r:26v, 28r:28v, 33r:34v, 36r:38v, 41r:48v, 52r:53v, 55r:55v, 57r:57v, 60r:63v, 65r:91v, 93r:98v, 100r:126v, 129r:133v, 139r:139v, 141r:141v, 143r:151v, 153r:154v, 156r:156v, 158r:160v, 162r:162v, 165r:165v, 168r:175v, 177r:189v, 191r:191v, 193r:197v, 199r:208v, 210r:234v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence