‘File 21/1 I Zubarah’ [105r] (214/474)
The record is made up of 1 volume (230 folios). It was created in 21 Jun 1944-15 Jun 1947. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
-5-
himself entirely from the affairs of Qatar including
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
, and that His Majesty*s Government were not pre
pared to intervene between the Shaikh of Qatar and the
Naim tribe (vide correspondence ending with
Residency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
telegram No.751 dated the 17th July, 1937).
About this period the Shaikh of Qatar built a new
fort a few hundred yards from the old fort which he used as
material for it. The Shaikh of Bahrain protested to the
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, but the latter, after consulting the poli
tical Resident, did not reply to the Shaikh’s letter, (^ide
Residency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India.
Memorandum No.477-S dated the 10th April, 1939)• p
■ V * s \
40. In 1944, *he
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
effected an agreement '
by which the two Rulers agreed ”to the restoration of
friendly arrangements between then as they were in the . •
past’*. The Ruler of Qatar undertook that
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
should
remain in the same state as in the past. (Vide
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
^ f ■ Ty
Printed Letter No.C/939 dated the 19th June, 1944). ^
The Shaikh of Bahrain showed some reluctance in
signing the agreement whereupon the
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
wrote
an explanatory letter to him stating that the Shaikh of
Qatar was anxious for the restoration of friendship and
£x±4x friendly communications to the state ante 1936^ a
copy of this letter was not sent to the Shaikh of Qauar. ^
Soon after the Agreement had been signed the Shaikh
of Bahrain wrote to the
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
drawing his attention
to the fact that the fort built by the Shaikh of Qatar had
not existed ante 1936 and asserting that he (the Political
Agent) had promised that the position at
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
should be
restored to its past state and that he had not done this.
The shaikh also asked for the return of the arms taken from
the Naim in 1937 by the Shaikh of Qatar. The political
Agent replied denying that he had made any promises ’’either
in regard to the restoration of the position to what it was
in the past or with regard to the return of arras”. He pointed
out that from the phrase ”The Ruler of Qatar teswfre
undertakes that
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
will remain without anything being
done in it which did not exist in the past”, it did not
appear ’’that anything is required to be changed which
existed at the time of the Agreement but rather that there
should be no new innovation”. The
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
added
that he would use his personal endeavours to arrange for
the withdrawal of the garrison of the
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
fort and for
the return of the whole or some part of the arms. (Vide
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
printed Letter No.1380 dated the 25th September, 1944). .
The Shaikh of Bahrain wrote again to the effect that
the fort was a source of humiliation to the Al Khalifah
when they visited
Zubarah
18th-century town located 105 km from Doha.
, and again asserted that the
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
had ’promised* to arrange for the removal
of the fort and the guards, and asked him to fulfil his
promise. If the
political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
were unable to arrange
this the Shaikh of Bahrain wished to know whether there
was any objection to his taking up the question directly with
the Shaikh of Qatar. He added that if the Shaikh of Qatar
insisted on maintaining the fort and the guard he would close
communications with Qatar. The
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
again denied
that he had made any promise, and referred the matter to the
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
(vide
Agency
An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent.
letters Nos. c/1424 and
C/1425 dated the 4th October, 1944).
/On the........
About this item
- Content
The volume comprises correspondence concerning the ongoing dispute between the Rulers of Bahrain and Qatar over the sovereignty of Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. and the surrounding area on the Qatar Peninsula. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Cornelius James Pelly; Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay), the Ruler of Bahrain (Sheikh Salmān bin Ḥamad Āl Khalīfah), and the Ruler of Qatar (Sheikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī).
The volume includes:
- an initial exchange of letters between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and the Rulers of Bahrain and Qatar, between February and July 1945, relating to the Ruler of Bahrain’s complaints that some of his subjects had gone to a place called Bruk on the Qatar Peninsula (near Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. ) to collect wood, and had been harassed by men associated with the Ruler of Qatar (ff 2-41). Underlying the dispute are the differing interpretations of the two Rulers to the agreement, signed by them in June 1944, to restore friendly relations between the states of Bahrain and Qatar, and to restore conditions at Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. to what they had been prior to 1936;
- correspondence between the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , relating to Bahrain-Qatar relations and the 1944 agreement, including: comment on the vagaries of the 1944 agreement (ff 61-63); the difficulties encountered in the handing over of the role of Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. from one individual to another; the historical context of Bahrain-Qatar relations, including a note, prepared by the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Galloway) on the history of Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. , up to the present day (ff 100-107); discussion over the possibility of requesting the Ruler of Qatar to demolish his fort at Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. ;
- ongoing correspondence amid a stalemate in the disagreement over Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. , including: the imposition by the Qatar Customs Officer of export duties on limestone shipped from Qatar to Bahrain (ff 50-54); the Ruler of Bahrain’s agreement that the Al Bu Rumaih tribe be allowed to emigrate from Bahrain to Qatar (ff 95-96); the dispatch of a deputation to Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. by the Ruler of Qatar; continued letters, some enclosing petitions, from the Ruler of Bahrain, making his historical claim to Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. (ff 125-138);
- correspondence relating to an incident in early 1947, in which an individual from the Al Bu Rumaih tribe, on returning to Qatar, was arrested and imprisoned by the Ruler of Bahrain (ff 167-204). An attempt by the Assistant Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Captain Hugh Dunstan Rance) to intervene in the matter in the Political Agent’s absence, provoked a strong complaint from the Ruler of Bahrain, which in turn brought a rebuke from the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. (Pelly) on his return. In correspondence exchanged with the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the wake of the incident, Pelly suggests that Arab rulers, including the Ruler of Bahrain, are beginning to challenge British orders, in light of Britain’s ‘recessive’ policy in Egypt and India (ff 203-204).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (230 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume’s contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, from the earliest item at the front to the latest at the end. The file notes at the end of the volume (ff 214-232) mirror the chronological arrangement. Letters in Arabic are generally immediately preceded by English translations prepared by Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. staff.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 235; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-213; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Pagination: the file notes at the back (ff 214-232) have been paginated using pencil.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/605
- Title
- ‘File 21/1 I Zubarah’
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4v, 6r:8v, 10r:10v, 12r:13v, 17r:17v, 19r:22v, 24r:24v, 26r:26v, 28r:28v, 33r:34v, 36r:38v, 41r:48v, 52r:53v, 55r:55v, 57r:57v, 60r:63v, 65r:91v, 93r:98v, 100r:126v, 129r:133v, 139r:139v, 141r:141v, 143r:151v, 153r:154v, 156r:156v, 158r:160v, 162r:162v, 165r:165v, 168r:175v, 177r:189v, 191r:191v, 193r:197v, 199r:208v, 210r:234v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence