'209 English-Arabic School. Educational Activities.' [‎19r] (37/132)

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Geog raphy.
NOTE.
1. Geography should be taught in close conjunction with his'
tory. Before taking a lesson in geography, the Master should con
sult the history syllabus and illustrate his lesson as far as possible
with the history of the country described.
In the Elementary Classes, frequent use should be made of
the sand tray and of geographical games.
2. In all classes the wall-map should invariably be used to
illustrate the lesson, both by Master and pupils.
The drawing of sketch-maps should be taught in the Second
Year Elementary and First Year Primary, accurately drawn maps
only in the more advanced stages.
3. Teach by making a boy use his eyes and his mind at the
same time.
Make him look at the map and tell you what he sees and get
him to understand the reason for what he sees, e.g., he will see that
there is a port at Basrah—why ?
Why and because cannot be used too frequently in geography.
Use pictures as well as maps as much as you can. Pictures
are interesting as well as instructive.
4. Only a few names should be learnt at first, more can be
learnt as the boy progresses.
SYLLABUS.
FIRST YEAR ELEMENTARY (Two Periods a Week).
Conversation about the geography of the neighbourhood lead
ing to the explanation of common terms, e.g., river, canal, bridge,
road, island, desert, village, town; illustrated from the blackboard
and by models on the sand tray.
Animal and vegetable life of the district.
The river, its uses, the flood and how caused, its effect on the
food supply, meaning of tributary, delta, source, mouth.
The objects of roads and railways in the vicinity, whither they
lead and what is carried on them.
The sun, moon and earth, shape of the earth.
The horizon, sunrise and sunset, day and night.
Seasons.
SECOND YEAR ELEMENTARY (Two Periods a Week).
The rotation of the earth, the equator and poles, the earth’s
journey round the sun, the seasons and causes. Composition of the
earth. Its division into land and water* c
Kinds of land : Flat, mountainous, wooded, bare, cultivated,
deserts.
Kinds of water : Fresh and salt; seas, lakes, rivers and canals.
The divisions of the earth into zones of climate; effect of the
different climates on the life and history of the peopte who live in
them; the climate of Traq.
The continents and oceans.
Articles found in local shops and their origin, local manufac
tures.
Sketch maps illustrating geographical terms.