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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [‎14r] (32/502)

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The record is made up of 1 file (249 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1933-21 Apr 1946. It was written in English, Farsi, French and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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application, equally unsuccessful, to the Commander of the Lor. I, 847.
British Expedition in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . In the early part of
1820 the rulers of Bahrein made full submission to the Imam
of Muscat and agreed to pay him a tribute of 30,0 )0 dollars.
An instalment (12,000 dollars) of this tribute appears
subsequently to have been actually remitted.
Policy of British Government, 1819-20.
14. The policy to be adopted by the British Government
in regard to Bahrein was examined between the Government
of Bombay and the Government of India in 1819-20, and
was ultimately defined as one of complete neutrality. 4 he Govt of
transfer of Bahrein to the Imam of Muscat had been contem- Bombay to
plated, but this project, so far as the British Government 15 12 .1819 l
were concerned, was now abandoned. The Government ot p aras . 2 . 3.
Bombay suggested that the Sheikh should be informed that
so long as he restrained his subjects from piracy he would
reap the advantage of a friendly neutrality on the pait of
Britain, whereas should a piratical spirit manifest itself
forcible measures of coercion would be applied to him.
They added that the conclusion of an engagement m
general terms with the Sheikh “ would probably tend to
convince the Uttabi Arabs of the integrity of our intentions.
British Offer to Persia of Mediation with Bahrein, 1820.
15 Simultaneously the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. , in a
despatch to the Charge d’ Affaires at Tehran, remarked that Dated
“ we mean to avoid all interference in respect of the island ’
of Bahrein. . . . There is, however, reason to believe that p
provided the Persian Government will consent to the Uttabis
continuing in the undisturbed occupation of Bahrein the
Sheikh would readily agree to pay them tribute, and for this
purpose the mediation of the British Government would be
gladly afforded provided it could be employed m such a
manner as to avoid anything which might m any shape
involve us m the transactions of the paities aftei the
conclusion of the negotiation immediately refened to. . . .
Treaty of 1820 between Bahrein and His Majesty’s
Government.
16. On the 17th January 1820 the Sheikh agreed to
surrender certain pirate craft which had taken refuge in
his territories, and undertook to the British Government
not to admit any more boats of the same character until
authorised to do so by the British authorities. On the
5th February 1820 a preliminary Treaty of Peace was
signed between the Sheikh and His Majesty’s Government,
and on the 23rd February 1820 the Sheikhs were admitted
to the benefits of the General Treaty of Peace which had Aitchison,
been made between His Majesty’s Government and the Arab Vol. XI
rulers of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. and under which His Majesty’s
Government undertook, in return for abstention by those
rulers from piracy and the slave trade, that “if any shall ^ xiXj ’
attack them the British Government shall take notice of it” 245-9.
(Article 10). The Sheikh of Bahrein went so far as to pt. McLeod
claim subsequently that the treaty in question established to Govt, of
relations of protection and dependence between the British ®° m 8 ba ^ ted
Government and himself, but it was made cleai to him by 17 2 .1823,
the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. while on a visit raras . 30 ’
to Bahrein in 1823 that this was not the case. 64-5.
Precis, 297.
Proposal for British Mediation with Bahrein not taken up
hy Persia,
17. On 10th May 1820 His Majesty’s Minister at Tehran
reported to the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions. that he had been
received 111 audience by the Shah on oth Mn\ and had put
2953 B

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Content

This file contains correspondence between British officials (primarily from the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ) concerning two interrelated topics; the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain and discussions over whether or not Bahrain should be considered part of the British Empire for the purposes of the Import Duties Act of 1932.

The file contains two memoranda concerning the history of Bahrain:

1) 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , 1934 (ff 11-34); 2) 'The History of the Bahrein Islands' written by the Foreign Office Research Department, 1945 (ff 217-218).

A number of translations and cuttings of press articles related to the sovereignty of Bahrain (in Faris, Arabic, French and English) are contained in the file.

The file also contains letters in Arabic (with English translations) from the rulers of Qatar (f 155), Bahrain (f 157), Umm al-Quwain (f 165) and Abu Dhabi (f 169), sent to the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain in response to a letter informing them that their territories were to be granted 'imperial preference' as per the Import Duties Act, 1932 (f 154).

Extent and format
1 file (249 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-230; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceeded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English, Farsi, French and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [‎14r] (32/502), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/484, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025822337.0x000021> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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